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Flashcards in test 2 - CoQ Deck (17)
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1
Q

How many isoprene units does CoQ10 have?

A

10

2
Q

What is the structural difference between Ubiquinone and Ubiquinol?

A

Ubiquinone is fully oxidized with double bonded oxygen on top and bottom of the ring
Ubiquinol is fully reduced with alcohol groups on top and bottom of the ring.

3
Q

A typical Western diet provides 3-5 mg of CoQ10 daily with 70% being derived from ________ and ________

A

Meat and Poultry

4
Q

What are the 3 enzymes that keep CoQ10 reduced in the cells and plasma?

A

1) NADH cytochrome reducatase
2) NADH/NADPH oxidoreducatse
3) NADPH coenzyme Q reductase

5
Q

True or False: High doses of Vitamin E may interfere with CoQ10 absorption

A

true

6
Q

What is the intracellular fundamental building block for CoQ10?

A

mevalonate

7
Q

_________ Drugs competitively inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase which stops cholesterol synthesis and inadvertently CoQ10 synthesis as well

A

statin

8
Q

True or False: CoQ10 is found in all membranes throughout all cells of the human body, and 50% of the body’s CoQ10 is localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, especially in nervous tissue

A

False: CoQ10 is found in all membranes throughout all cells of the human body, and 50% of the body’s CoQ10 is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, especially in cardiac muscle

9
Q

The CoQ10 radical is regenerated by _________ acid and __________ reductase

A

Dihydrolipoic acid and Thioredoxin reductase

10
Q

Age associated changes in CoQ10 content are most evident in mitochondria and this decrease may be due to what two reasons?

A

1) Higher oxidative stress produced during ageing placing more of a demand on CoQ10 concentrations
2) Reduced enzymatic function of the enzymes responsible to synthesizing CoQ10 or maintaining its reduced ubiquinol state.

11
Q

True or False: CoQ10 can be excreted by both the urine or excreted in the feces via the bile.

A

true

12
Q

What tissue is most susceptible to CoQ10 deficiency? why?

A

Heart/Cardiac muscle because cardiac tissue possesses nearly 2 times the concentration of CoQ10 per gram (130 nmol/g vs. 70 nmol/g) than other tissues.

13
Q

True or False: CoQ10 has the potential to lower systolic blood pressure but shows little statistical significance in reducing diastolic blood pressure

A

False: CoQ10 has the potentialto lower systolic blood pressure by up to 13mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by up to 10mmHg

14
Q

True or False: The primary action of CoQ10 in clinical hypertension is vasodilation via the quenching of free radicals which would otherwise destroy nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator.

A

true

15
Q

Because both cholesterol and CoQ10 synthesis depend on the enzyme _____-_____ ____________, both can be blocked by statins

A

HMG-CoA Reductase

16
Q

True or False: Supplementing with CoQ10 is not highly recommended to patients undergoing treatment with Statin drugs because the CoQ10 can interfere with the Statin drugs ability to prevent cholesterol synthesis

A

False: Supplementing with CoQ10 is highly recommended to prevent the myopathic side effects associated with statin drugs

17
Q

Explain why a defficiency in CoQ10 would potentially cause a patient to undergo Rhabdomyolysis

A

What initiates Rhabdomyolysis is Apoptosis caused by the mitochondrial membrane leaking cytochrome C leading to the caspase cascade. Mitochondrial membranes are destroyed by free-radicals which are not being Absorbed by CoQ10