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Flashcards in test 2 study 2 Deck (62)
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1
Q

when do the beginnings of language occur and what are some examples ?

A

they occur at birth

cooing, laughter, replicated babbling, vocal play, onset of single word utterances

2
Q

use of sound in a repetitive manner occurs when the _______ becomes effective

A

audiotory feedback loop

3
Q
hearing/ perception of sound stimuli; 
auditory processing (the brain organizing and understanding the stimuli)
A

input: audiotory development

4
Q

organizing the sounds and speech

production of auditory sound/ speech and language

A

output: speech production and spoken language

5
Q

development of oral communication

A

-2-4mo old repeats vowel-like sounds;
- 5mo old CV sequences begin
-9-10 mo glottal sounds reduced and alveolar sounds are produced
12 mo= first words

6
Q

mother’s (caregiver) feedback of child’s sounds lays groundwork for the first_____

A

word production

7
Q

the ability to perceive the presence or absence of sound

A

detection

8
Q

involves the ability to determine whether two stimuli are the same or different. for example, these can be two environmental sounds, two speech sounds, two words, two phrase, 2 sentences, or 2 song/ rhymes

A

discrimination

9
Q

involves the child’s ability to identify what has been labeled or name, may be called recognition

A

identification

10
Q

highest level of auditory processing. the term is generally used when talking about understanding the meaning of the auditory input and application to known information, experiences, and language

A

comprehension

11
Q

there are periods of development in which an organism is programmed to receive and use certain types of stimuli (the optimal period)

A

the theory of critical periods

12
Q

in speech and language development, language input must be experienced at a certain stage or it becomes increasingly difficult for utilization of emergent language skills

A

optimal periods

13
Q

belief in _______is supported by the fact that neural pathways are build by age 3 years and they are difficult to “rewire” after the age of 3

A

critical periods

14
Q

what marks the last milestone for optimum acquisition of language

A

puberty

15
Q

the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connection throughout life
– allows the neurons in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and to addicts their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment

A

neuroplasticity

16
Q

at birth a baby will have how many neurons?

A

100 billion neurons

17
Q

in the first 3 years of life, the brain forms connections between these neurons called

A

synapses

18
Q

by age 3, the brain has formed about how many connections?

A

1000 trillion connections

19
Q

hearing loss eventually impacts / causes :

A
  • delayed speech and language development
  • learning problems
  • reduced academic achievement
  • social isolation and poor self concept
  • impacts vocational choices
20
Q

____is an ability/ skill that is achieved by most children by a certain age; can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication skills

A

developmental milestone

21
Q

early speech and language intervention can help children be more successful with

A

reading
writing
schoolwork
interpersonal relationships

22
Q
  • startles to loud noises
  • quiets or smiles when spoken to
  • seems to recognize your voice and quiets if crying
  • increases or decreases sucking behavior in response to sound
A

birth to 3 months old hearing and understanding milestones

23
Q
  • makes pleasure sounds
  • cries differently from different needs
  • smiles when sees you
A

birth to 3 months old talking milestones

24
Q
  • moves eyes in direction of sounds
  • responds to changes in tone of your voice
  • notices toys that make sounds
  • pays attention to music
A

4-6 months hearing and understanding milestones

25
Q
  • babbling sounds
  • chuckles and laughs
  • vocalizes excitement and displeasure
  • gurgling sounds
A

4-6 months talking milestones

26
Q
  • enjoys games like peek a boo
  • turns and looks in direction of sounds
  • listens when spoken to
  • recognizes words for common items
  • begins to respond to requests
A

7 months- 1 year hearing and understanding milestones

27
Q
  • babbling has both long and short groups of sounds
  • uses speech or nondrying sounds
  • uses gestures to communicate
  • imitates different speech sounds
  • has one or two words
A

7 months- 1 year talking milestones

28
Q
  • points to a few body parts when asked
  • follows smoke commands and understands simple questions
  • listens to simple stories
  • points to pictures in a book
A

1-2 years hearing and understanding milestones

29
Q

-says more words every month
- uses some one or two word questions
-puts two words together
uses many different consonant sounds

A

1-2 years talking milestones

30
Q
  • understands differences in meaning
  • follows two requests
  • listens to and enjoys hearing stories for longer periods of time
A

2-3 years hearing and understanding milestone

31
Q
  • has a word for almost everything
  • using two or 3 words to talk about and ask for things
  • uses K G F T D and N sounds
  • speech is understood by familiar listeners most of the ti,e
  • often asks for directs attention to objects by naming them
A

2-3 years talking milestones

32
Q
  • hears you when you call from another room
  • hears television or radio at the same time
  • answers simple who what where why questions
A

3-4 years hearing and understanding milestones

33
Q
  • talks about activities at school or at friends homes
  • people outside of the family usually understand child’s speech
  • uses a lot of sentences that have 4 or more words
  • usually talks easily without repeating syllables or words
A

3-4 years talking milestones

34
Q
  • pays attention to a short story and answers simple questions about them
  • hears and understands most of what is said at home and in school
A

4-5 years hearing and understanding milestones

35
Q
  • uses sentences that give details
  • tells stories that stick to topic
  • says most sounds correctly
  • says rhyming words
  • names some letters and numbers
  • uses the same grammar as the rest of the family
A

4-5 years talking milestones

36
Q

_______is a procedure that allows us to examine functioning of the middle ear system ; not a test of hearing sensitivity

A

tympanometry

37
Q

does not require the patient to actively participate

A

objective

38
Q

requires the patient to actively participate

A

subjective

39
Q

tympanometry is measured using a ______in which a probe tip is inserted into the ear canal and data is collected from each ear individually

A

tympanometer

40
Q

the data that is collected is plotted on a graph known as a ________and then compared to normative data

A

tympanogram

41
Q

tympanometry is based on 3 physical principles

A

pressure
compliance
ear canal volume

42
Q

_____in tympanometry referes to how much _____is in the middle ear cavity. it is plotted on the horizontal (x axis) of the tympanogram;

A

PRESSURE

43
Q

pressure is measured in

A

decaPascals (daPa)

44
Q

what is a normal atmospheric pressure?

A

0daPA

45
Q

abnormal pressure may be indicative of

A

eustachian tube dysfunction the beginning or ending stage of an ear infection

46
Q

generally -150daPA or greater ias

A

abnormal pressure

47
Q

refers to the amount of mobility of the tympanic membrane ; measured in milliliters

A

compliance

48
Q

compliance is plotted on the ___________ axis of the tympanogram

A

vertical (y axis)

49
Q

what is normal compliance in children?

A

0.2 - 0.9 ml

50
Q

what is normal compliance in adults

A

0.3 - 1.4 ml

51
Q

_______is a measurement of the physical volume of the ear canal; measured in ml

A

ear canal volume ECV

52
Q

what info does the ECV provide??

A

info regarding outer ear pathology, tympanic membrane perforation, pressure equalization tube patency

53
Q

ear canal volume ranges for children

A

0.4- 1.0 ml

54
Q

ear canal volume ranges for adults

A

0.6- 1.5 ml

55
Q

all measure within the normal range

indicates normal middle ear function

A

type A

56
Q

peak present, compliance lower than normal, all other measures normal
represents abnormal stiffness as in otosclerosis, the beginning/ending stages of toots media, and significant TM scarring

A

type As

57
Q

peak present and compliance is larger than the normal range, all other measures are normal
represetns a flaccid TM resulting from scar tissue or a possible disarticulation of the ossicular chair

A

type Ad

58
Q

no peak present and therefore no compliance is recorded no true pressure is measured
reffered to as flat tympanogram

A

type b

59
Q

ME pressure is outside of the negative normal range, compliance and ECV are WNLs
indicates negative middle ear pressure
posssible eustachian tube dysfunction
can be the result of the constant sniffling especially in children

A

type C

60
Q

what does a type b tympanogram indicate

A

a fluid filled middle ear
blockage of ear canal
eardrum perforation

61
Q

use a probe tip ___than the ear canal

A

larger

62
Q

never test a ______ear

A

draining