Which of the followingmuscles is supplied by the anterior rami of lumbar nerves? A. erector spinae B. psoas major C. iliacus D. quadratus lumborum E. all of above F. A and D G. B and D
G. B and D
If an athlete strains the exterior oblique muscle, which activity would be most limited? A. trunk flexion B. trunk rotation C. trunk extension D. hip extension E. A and B F. all of the above
E. A and B
The major function of the transverse abdominis is: A. compression and support of abdomen B. flexion of trunk C. rotation and flexion of trunk D. extension of trunk
A. compression and support of abdomen
Which of the following terms is related to a slippage of one vertebra in relation to the adjacent vertebrae? A. spondylosis B. protrusion C. spondylolisthesis D. sequestration
spondylolisthesis
The majority of the drainage of the breast tissue is from:
A. axillary vein and axillary lymph nodes
B. subclavicular vein and axillary lymph
C. axillary vein and apical lymph nodes
D. supraclavicular vein and apical lymph nodes
A. axillary vein and axillary lymph nodes
The superior thoracic aperture is formed by all of the following except:
A. superior border of manubrium
B. 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilages
C. T1 vertebrae
D. xiphisternal joint
D. xiphisternal joint
At the attachment of the 7th rib, the superior articular facet on the head of the rib interfaces with the: A. superior demi facet of T6 B. inferior demi facet of T6 C. superior demi facet of T7 D. inferior demi facet of T7
B. inferior demi facet of T6
The transverse process of thoracic vertebrae contain articular facets. The T7 vertebrae contains an articular facet where it interfaces with: A. a true rib B. a false rib C. a floating rib D. costal cartilage
A. a true rib
The sternoclavicular joint is considered a \_\_\_\_ joint. A. synovial plane joint B. saddle type synovial joint C. symphysis D. primary cartilaginous joint
B. saddle type of synovial joint
A 25 y/o undergoes a MVA at a high speed. Upon admit at the ED, one of the primary concerns is to rule out upper cervical spine stability. From your understanding of anatomy, which of the following are critical for stability? A. transverse process B. transverse ligament C. dens D. foramen transversarium E. A and D F. B and C
F. B and C
A 72 y/o female is exhibiting s/s of dizziness, dysarthia, double vision, nystagmus and nausea. The physician wants to rule out vertebral artery occlusion. Based on your knowledge of anatomy of the cervical spine, where you expect to find stenosis? A. vertebral foramen B. intervertebral foramen C. foramen transversarium D. central canal
C. foramen transversarium
One of the distinctive characteristics of the lumbar spine is: A. short and sturdy spinous processes B. kidney-shaped body C. triangular vertebral foramen D. facets directed medially E. all of the above F. none of the above
E. all of the above
The cervical canal is largest within the \_\_\_\_ spine, and smallest within the \_\_\_\_ spine. A. thoracic / lumbar B. cervical / thoracic C. cervical / lumbar D. lumbar / cervical
B. cervical / thoracic
A laminectomy is the surgical excision of:
A. the vertebral body and associated nerve roots
B. the protruding disc and dura
C. spinous process and supporting laminae
D. transverse process and muscular attachments
C. spinous process and supporting laminae
The uncinate process is found in the: A. cervical vertebrae B. thoracic vertebrae C. lumbar vertebrae D. A and B E. none of the above
A. cervical vertebrae
The name of the ligament between the external occipital protuberance and the spinous process of C7/C8 is called: A. anterior longitudinal ligament B. posterior longitudinal ligament C. nuchal ligament D. interspinous ligament
C. nuchal ligament
The main movement between the atlas and axis is: A. rotation B. lateral flexion C. flexion D. extension
A. rotation
The cervical plexus is made up of the following nerve roots: A. C3-C5 B. C1-C4 C. C5-T2 D. C3-C5
B. C1-C4
Which of the following are incorrect descriptions of the nerves of the cervical plexus? A. ansa cervicalis - motor B. phrenic nerves - motor and sensory C. lesser occipital - sensory D. great auricular nerve - motor
D. great auricular nerve - motor
The phrenic nerves are derived from wotf nerve roots? A. C2-C5 B. C3 only C. C4 and C6 only D. C3-C5
D. C3-C5
A 45 y/o patient has a chief complaint of neck pain and stiffness, along with constant brachialgia (arm pain). MRI findings show a disc that has ruptured and nucleus pulposis has essentially leaked into the central canal, and pieces of the disc have broken off. What is the term for this type of disc pathology? A. extrusion B. prolapse C. subluxation D. sequestration
D. sequestration
The nerve supply to the majority of intrinsic back muscles is: A. anterior rami of spinal nerves B. posterior rami of spinal nerves C. cervical plexus D. long thoracic nerve
B. posterior rami of spinal nerves
Which of the following muscles is not part of the cervical plexus? A. trigeminal B. ansa cervicalis C. phrenic D. greater auricular
A. trigeminal
Which of the following statements is false regarding CN V?
A. composed of three divisions: optic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3)
B. conveys sensory impulses from various areas of the face
C. supplies motor fibers (V3) for mastication
D. known as the trigeminal nerve
A. composed of three divisions: optic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3)
The nerve fibers that innerate the superior oblique muscle: A. abducens B. trochlear C. vestibular D. oculomotor
B. trochlear
A child injurers CN VI. What would be the most likely deficit?
A. inability to taste from the anterior two thirds of tongue and palate
B. motor to superior oblique muscles, limited ability to turn eye inferolaterally
C. decreased vision from retina
D. inability to turn eye laterally
D. inability to turn eye laterally
The Vagus nerve is most likely to:
A. play a role in slowing down the heart rate
B. special sensory taste to epiglottis and palate
C. speed up the heart rate via sympathetic nervous system
D. motor to muscles of mastication
E. A and D
F. A and B
G. all of the above
F. A and B
The nerve which supplies the sense of smell is the olfactory nerve. Which of the following is true? A. CN I, special sensory, efferent. B. CN II, visceral sensory, afferent. C. CN I, special sensory, afferent. D. CN II, visceral sensory, efferent.
C. CN I, special sensory, afferent.
Which of the following cranial nerves supply motor to skeletal muscles? A. hypoglossal B. spinal accessory C. vagus D. facial E. A and B only F. all of the above
F. all of the above
The cranial nerve that provides information regarding changes in blood pressure, and changes in blood gas levels: A. vagus nerve B. glossopharyngeal nerve C. spinal accessory nerve D. phrenic nerve
B. glossopharyngeal nerve
Label the level (deep, intermediate, superficial) of the following muscles:
Spinalis
Splenius
Rotatores
Spinalis - Intermediate
Splenius - Superficial
Rotatores - Deep
Which of the following intrinsic back muscles provides a role in proprioception, stabilization of vertebrae, and also assists wit extension and rotary movements? A. multifidus B. rotatores C. interspinales D. intertransversarii
B. rotatores
Posterior rami of spinal nerves innervate all of the following except: A. iliocostalis lumborim B. spinalis thoracis C. transverse abdominis D. spleius capitis
C. transversus abdominis
Which of the following cranial nerves also have a small branch from the cervical plexus? A. CNX and CN XI B. CN IX and CN XI C. CNX and CN XII D. CNXI and CN XII
C. CNX and CN XII
Which of the following statements are true statements regarding the intervertebral disc?
A. the wall is weakest at the anterolateral corner close to the nerve root
B. the wall is supported posteriorly by the posterior longitudinal ligament
C. the wall is weaker anteriorly because the anterior longitudinal ligament is narrow
D. the outer wall is made of several layers of annulus fibrosis
E. A and D
F. B and D
F. B and D
The thoracic vertebrae contain the following: A. articular processes B. costal facets C. small circular vertebral foramen D. foramina transversaria E. all of the above F. none of the above G. A and C H. A, B, and C
H. A, B, and C
The most common congenital anomaly of the vertebral column is: A. spondylolysis B. spina bifida cystica C. spinal stenosis D. spina bifida occulta
D. spina bifida occulta
Kyphosis is most commonly described as part of the \_\_\_\_ spine. A. cervical B. thoracic C. lumbar D. sacral
B. thoracic
Stenosis of the Intervertebral foramen will result in:
A. pressure on the spinal cord which is an emergent situation
B. pressure on the vertebral artery which can result in dizziness, dysarthria, and nystagmus
C. pressure on the exiting nerve root which can cause motor and/or sensory loss
C. pressure on the exiting nerve root which can cause motor and/or sensory loss