Test Four Cell Death Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Test Four Cell Death Deck (25)
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1
Q

What is apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

2
Q

The amount of cell death needs to equal

A

Cell formation

3
Q

Apoptosis functions include

A

Assisting in embryo formation, regulating cell numbers, and balancing cell division with cell death

4
Q

What is necrosis

A

Cell death due to injury

5
Q

Cell death due to apoptosis can cause

A

Cytoskeleton collapse, breaking up DNA, cell shrinkage and cell surface calls macrophages

6
Q

What proteases cut up protein

A

Caspases

7
Q

What is an activation cascade with apoptosis

A

Activated caspases active other caspases

8
Q

What are some death proteins

A

Bax and Bak

9
Q

What allows the mitochondrial release of cytochrome C

A

Bax and Bak

10
Q

What indirectly activates a procaspase which results in apoptosis cascade

A

Cytochrome C

11
Q

What is the extracellular signal that signals for cell death

A

Fas

12
Q

What are the life promoting cell proteins

A

Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL

13
Q

Function of Bcl-2 proteins

A

Block Bax and Bak from releasing cytochrome C

14
Q

Extracellular signals trigger cell..

A

Growth, division and death

15
Q

Three classes of extracellular signals

A

Survival factors, mitogens, growth factors

16
Q

Function of survival factors

A

Prevent the triggering of apoptosis

17
Q

What cells don’t have survival factors

A

Nerve cells

18
Q

Where do survival factors bind to

A

Cell surface receptors

19
Q

What molecular break does mitogens release

A

Retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

20
Q

What phosphorylation the Rb protein

A

G1-Cdk and G1/S-Cdk

21
Q

Examples of growth factors

A

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor

22
Q

PDGF activated by what

A

Platelets in wounds

23
Q

Physical growth requires

A

Extracellular signals

24
Q

What are some inhibitors of cell growth

A

Myostatin

25
Q

Function of myostatin

A

Inhibits growth and division of myoblasts