What is the g1 phase
RNA and protein synthesis
What is S phase
DNA duplicates
What is in g2 phase
More RNA and protein synthesis
What is mitosis
Process by which we produce two identical cells to the parent cell; used for growth and injury repair.
What hAppens in prophase
Chromatin condenses Each chromosomes and it's copy is joined Nuclear membrane disintegrates Nucleolus disintegrates Centrioles move to opposite poles
What is in interphase
G1
S
G2
What are each chromosomes and copy called
Sister chromatids or dyads
What happens in metaphase
Dyads or sister chromatids line up at cell equator
What happens in anaphase
Dyads separates making daughter chromosomes
Move to opposite poles pulled by spindle fibers
What happens in telophase
Daughter chromosomes uncondense
Nuclear membrane and Nucleolus reform
Spindle fibers disappear
What is karyokinesis
Division of Nucleolus has occurred
What is cytokines
Division of the cytoplasm
In animal this happens by pinching off
Cleavage furrow
What is the difference in animal and plant cells
Because plants have rigid cell wall
If there is no asters or centrioles
Have mitosis organizing region instead
What is kinetochore
Proteinaceous hook
What is the blastula
Occurs in the early stage of embryonic development of animal and appears as a ball of cells
What is the meristematic
Plant cell growth occurs here
Where is the meristematic regions
Located at the tip of stem and roots
Region of active division
Where is the region of elongation
Root tip
What are genes
Located on chromosomes carry information relating to genetic traits
What are allels
Copies of the gene for a specific trait can be same or different
What are Punnet squares
Used to predicts outcome of genetic crosses
What is genotype
Genetic expression of a trait
TT Tt tt
What is phenotype
Physical expression of a trait
Curly straight tail
Does the phenotype reveal the genotype
No
What is heterozygous
Alleles are different from each other encode for diff phenotype
What is homozygous
Both alleles are the same encode for same phenotype
What is the total possible gene combos for genotype
TT:Tt:tt
1:2:1
What is the total possible gene combos for phenotype
Curly: straight 3:1
What is in the integumentary system
Skin
Protection and to prevent water loss
What is in the cardiovascular system
Heart and blood vessels
Transport
What is in the endocrine system
Thyroid ovary and testies pancrease
Long term control regulation in body
What is in the Immune system
Thyroid
Keeps you from getting sick
What is the respiratory system
Lungs gas exchange
What is in the urinary system
Bladder kidney
Removes waste
What is in the reproductive system
Ovaries testies
Reproduction
What is in the digestive system
Pancrease liver gallbladder stomach intestine
Obsorbs nutrients
What is the nervous system
Brain and nerves
Rapid control of body body functions
What is the skeletal system
Bones
support and protection
What is in the lymphatic system
Spleen lymph nodes
Help with immune function
What is in the muscular system
Muscles
Used for movement
How much Salivia do we produce a day
One liter
How much sperm does men produce over a lifetime
14 gallons
What is the longest bone
Femur
What is the shortest bone
Sturrip
What is the strongest muscle
Massater
Only bone not connected
Hyoid bone
What is elephantiasis
Extensive swelling in lymphatic system
What does DNA do
Controls activity of the cell and hereditary material passes to progeny cells
What must the nuclear envelope and cell membrane be to free cellular and nuclear components
Lysed
Cells contain many proteins capable of destroying DNA and therefor must be what
Degraded
What does the solution have to be in order to be visualized
Precipitate
What is the meat tenderizer used for
Papain
Cellular enzyme inhibition
What does liquid soap do
Disrupts lipids in phospholipid membrane
Cell lysis
What does alcohol do to DNA
It is DNA precipitation and is insoluble in alcohol
What must break open cell and nuclear membrane
Liquid soap
What must break down protein so DNA is unharmed
Meat tenderizer
What DNA soluble in water so must be precipitated to be visible
Alcohol