testing and treatment Flashcards

1
Q

radical

A

curative intent

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2
Q

palliative

A

non-curative

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3
Q

adjuvant

A

after surgery, reduces risk of recurrence

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4
Q

neo-adjuvant

A

before asurgery - to shrink tumour before removal

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5
Q

progression free survival

A

time living with cancer that isnt getting worse

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6
Q

an amino acid change is most likely activate an oncogene t/f

A

true

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7
Q

mismatch repair cancers are more responsive to chemotherapy t.f

A

true

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8
Q

define driver mutations

A

drive carcinogens and the cancers characteristic rather than the tissue

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9
Q

passenger mutations

A

develop due to the state of the tissue

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10
Q

NGS machine is used to identify

A

driver mutations

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11
Q

modifying risk 3

A

screening
hormonal manipulation
surgical intervention

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12
Q

tumour behaviour is determined by

A

somatic behaviour

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13
Q

classic description of primary lung cancer

A

solid opacity

stellate in shape

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14
Q

HCG and AFP are diagnostic markers for

A

germ cell tumours

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15
Q

lynch syndrome is identified by _____ _____, due to a mutation in ____ ____, most common in ascending colon but can occur in _______

A

microsatellite instability
mismatch repair
endometrium

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16
Q

how does radiation kll cells

A

DNA damage

17
Q

side effects of radiation

A

skin fibrosis, menopause, faecal/bladder instability

18
Q

activation of Bcl2 leads to

A

evasion of apoptosis

19
Q

grading of malignancy is based on

A

degree of cytological atypia

20
Q

asbestosis can cause 2

A

mesothelioma

pulmonary adenocarcinoma

21
Q

plummer vinson can lead to what type of oesophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

4 cancers related to obesity

A

breast
colon
renal
oesophageal

23
Q

PSC / PBC, which one more likely to cause cholangiocarcinoma

A

PSC

24
Q

a mutation in the promotor would lead to

A

the absence of the protein

25
Q

a well circumscribed tumour protruding into the bronchus with a yellow cut surface describes

A

carcinoid tumour

26
Q

HPV causes cancer through

A

p53 degredation

27
Q

where does p53 cause cell cycle arrest

A

between G1 and S

28
Q

common side effects of chemo

A

diarrhoea
neutropenic fever
alopecia
altered taste

29
Q

t/f sensitivity is the most important characteristic of a test in relation to diagnosis of malignancy

A

true

30
Q

define carcinoid tumour

A

small growing tumour origiinates in cells of neuroendocrine system
dont spread

31
Q

t/f indigestion is a likely late side effect of chemo

A

false