orange urine
bilirubin (obstructive jaundice)
meds: rifampin, nitrofuratoin
pink/red urine
blood, myoglobin, hemoglobin, beets
green urine
meds: methylene blue, propofol, metocloprimide
blue urine
indomethacin, amitryptiline, AR blue diaper syndrome
purple urine
UTI
black urine
alkaptouria (rare inherited genetic disorder of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism)
white urine
chyluria
filariasis, thermal ablation of kidney lesion
foul urine
UTI
fruity urine
diabetes
maple syrup urine
MSUD, duh
mousy urine
PKU
rancid urine
tyrosenemia
sweaty feet urine
isovaleric acedemia
cabbage urine
methionine
microhematuria
blood positive with no RBCs: hemoglobin!
malaria or hemolytic anemia
frothy urine
protein! nephrotic range: >3.5g/day
urine glucose >160-180
diabetes?
ketones in urine
diabetic, alcoholic, starvation
nitrites in urine
gram-negative bacterial UTI
or too many vegetables
leukocyte esterase in urine
PMNs! bacterial UTI
negative w/dysuria could be trich, yeast, or chlamydia
heavy protienuria,
low serum albumin
edema
high serum lipids
nephrotic syndrome
renal failure
HTN
hematuria
nephritis
low GFR oliguria edema HTN active urine sediments
acute nephritis
low serum compliment 4
acute post-infection GN
lupus nephritis
idiopathic MPGN
cryoglobinemic GN 2/2 Hep C
low K, HTN, alkalosis, no diuretics
and high renin 4
*renal artery stenosis
malignant HTN
reninoma
(diuretics in essential hypertension)
low K, HTN, alkalosis, no diuretics
low renin, high aldosterone (3)
primary hyperaldosteronism
GRA
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
low K, HTN, alkalosis, no diuretics
low renin and low aldosterone! 5
cushings adrenal hyperplasia apparent mineral corticoid excess liddle's licorice poisoning