Textbook: Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Aggregative response

A

Movement of predators into areas of high prey density

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2
Q

Behavioral defenses

A

Aggressive and submissive postures or actions that threaten or deter enemies

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3
Q

Batesian mimicry

A

Resemblance of a palatable or harmless species, the mimic, to an unpalatable or dangerous species, the model

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4
Q

Chemical defense

A

The use by organisms of bitter, distasteful or toxic secretions that deter potential enemies

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5
Q

Constitutive defense

A

Fixed feature of an organism, such as object resemblance, that deters predators

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6
Q

Cryptic coloration

A

Coloration of organisms that makes them resemble or blend into their habitat or background

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7
Q

Flashing coloration

A

Hidden markings on animals that, when quickly exposed, startle or divert the attention of a potential predator

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8
Q

Functional response

A

Change in rate of exploitation of a prey species by a predator in relation to changing prey density

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9
Q

Induced defense

A

Defense response brought about or induced by the presence or action of a predator; for example, alarm pheromones

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10
Q

Marginal value theorem

A

Predicts the length of time an individual should stay in a resource patch before leaving and seeking another

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11
Q

Mullerian mimicry

A

When many unpalatable or venemous species share a similar color pattern

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12
Q

Numerical response

A

Change in size of predators in response to change in density of its prey

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13
Q

Object resemblance

A

A prey species assumes the appearance of some feature in the environment, such as a leaf, to avoid detection

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14
Q

Optimal foraging theory

A

Tendency of animals to harvest food efficiently, selecting food sizes or food patches that supply maximum food intake for energy expended

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15
Q

Protective armor

A

Hard out covering of an animal body, sucha s shells of turtles and spines of porcupines, that deters or makes the owner somewhat invulnerable to most enemies

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16
Q

Predator satiation

A

A predator defense mechanism involving the physiological timing of reproduction by a prey species, plant or animal, to produce a maximum number of seeds or young within a short period more than predators can possible consumer thus allowing a greater percentage of offspring to escape

17
Q

Predator defenses

A

Evolved characteristics that help prey avoid detection or capture

18
Q

Qualitative inhibitors

A

The secondary compounds that function as defenses against herbivory that are present in small to minute quantities

19
Q

Quantitative inhibitors

A

The secondary compounds that are produced by the plant in large quantities

20
Q

Search image

A

Mental image formed in predators, enabling them to find prey more quickly and to concentrate on a common type of prey

21
Q

Secondary compounds

A

Chemicals that are not involved in the basic metabolism of plant cells

22
Q

Switching

A

Changing the diet from a less abundant to a more abundant prey species

23
Q

Type III functional response

A

Rate of prey consumed; slow at first and then increasing in an S-shaped (sigmoid) fashion as the rate of predation reaches a maximum

24
Q

Type II functional reponse

A

Per capita rate of predaiton increases in a decelerating fashion only up to a maximum rate that is attained at some high prey density

25
Q

Type I functional response

A

Rate of prey mortaility due to predation is constnat, a function of the efficiency of predators

26
Q

Warning coloration

A

Conspicuous color or markings on an animalt aht serve to discourage potential rpedators