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Flashcards in The Cardiac Cycle Deck (33)
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1
Q

A protein that negatively regulates SERCA, increasing he uptake and storage of Ca2+ in the SR

A

Phospholambin

2
Q

Depicts changes in the left side of the heart (LA pressure, LV pressure and volume, Aortic pressure)

A

Wiggers diagram

3
Q

Correlates to the pressure-volume loop

A

Wiggers diagram

4
Q

Events associated with ventricular contraction and ejection

A

Systole

5
Q

Everything else, including ventricular relaxation and filling

A

Diastole

6
Q

Preceded by the P wave on the ECG

-End of Diastole

A

Atrial Systole

7
Q

Creates a rise in pressure in the atria which is recorded as an “a wave”

-Assists ventricular filling

A

Atrial Contraction

8
Q

During atrial systole, the

  1. ) Semilunar valves are?
  2. ) Ave valves are?
A
  1. ) Closed

2. ) Open

9
Q

The end of atrial systole marks the end of

A

Ventricular diastole

10
Q

At this point, the ventricles are filled to their

A

EDV

11
Q

Can be heard during the end of atrial systole

A

S4 heart sound (non-compliant ventricle)

12
Q

Associated with a stiff or non-compliant ventricle

A

4th heart sound

13
Q

Marks the beginning of systole

-Coincides with peak of R wave

A

Isovolumetric contraction

14
Q

Myocyte contraction leads to an abrupt increase in intraventricular pressure during

A

Isovolumetric contraction

15
Q

When the ventricular pressure exceeds the atrial pressure, the

A

AV valves close (1st heart sound; S1)

16
Q

All valves are closed during

A

Isovolumetric contraction

17
Q

IV pressures rise rapidly with no change in volume during

A

Isovolumetric contraction

18
Q

No heart sounds are herd during

A

Rapid and reduced ejection

19
Q

During rapid and reduced ejection, the pressure maps look exactly the same for the right and left side of the heart, but

A

The left side is at much higher pressure

20
Q

During this period, the ventricles repolarize

-T wave is evident on ECG

A

Rapid and reduced ejection

21
Q

The end of the reduced ejection phase marks the end of

A

Systole

22
Q

Semilunar valves close resulting in the 2nd heart sound (S2) during

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

23
Q

S2 marks the beginning of

A

Diastole

24
Q

Valve closure during isovolumetric relaxation causes a characteristic notch in the pressure tracing called the

A

INCISURA

25
Q

All valves are also closed during

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

26
Q

The beginning of isovolumetric relaxation correlates with the end of the

A

T wave

27
Q

As the RV and LV pressures fall below atrial pressures, the AV valves open and we see

A

Rapid filling

28
Q

During rapid filling once AV valves open, ventricles fill with blood from the atria. LV pressure remains low as

A

Compliance is high

29
Q

In adults, there are no heart sounds during

A

Diastole

30
Q

May occur during ventricular filling and is normal in children but pathological in adults

A

Third heart sound (S3)

31
Q

In adults, S3 may occur with

A

Ventricular dilation

32
Q

AV valves remain open, semilunar valves are closed, and passive ventricular filling is nearly complete

A

Reduced filling (phase 7)

33
Q

Ventricles are full and less compliant, and their pressure rises during

A

Reduced filling