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Flashcards in The Central Dogma Deck (15)
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1
Q

DNA

A

Genetic information arranged on chromosomes organized into genes

2
Q

Constituitive Genes

A

+Transcriptionally controlled
+ Always expressed
+ Housekeeping genes provide basic cellular function
+ Occur in most cell types

3
Q

Regulated or Inducible Genes

A
\+ Transcriptionally controlled
\+ Expression turned on/off
\+ Cell-specific functions 
\+ Development signals 
\+ Environmental stimuli
4
Q

Epigenetic Regulation

A

+ DNA modifications that affect gene expression
+ Histone modifications
+ Passed on to next generation in some cases

5
Q

Replication

A

+ Duplication of genome in preparation for cell division

+ Enzymatic polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into DNA bases on DNA sequence

6
Q

Transcription

A

+ Enzymatic polymerization of ribonucleotides into RNA based on DNA sequence of gene

7
Q

Translation

A

+ Enzymatic polymerization of amino acids into a protein based on RNA sequence

8
Q

Purines (Pu, P)

A

+ Adenine and Guanine
+ 9 member dicyclic ring
+ Nitrogenous base

9
Q

Pyrimidines (Py, Y)

A
\+ Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil 
\+ 6 member ring 
\+ Nitrogenous base
\+ Uracil only with ribose 
\+ Thymine only with deoxyribose
10
Q

Nucleotides

A

Base + Sugar + Phosphate

11
Q

Nucleosides

A

Base + Sugar

12
Q

N (nucleoside)

A

Base + Ribose

13
Q

dN (nucleoside)

A

Base + 2-Deoxyribose

14
Q

NMP (nucleotide)

A

Base + Ribose + Pi

15
Q

dNMP (nucleotide)

A

Base + 2-Deoxyribose + Pi