*The Challenge of Resource Management - Introduction (Paper 2) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in *The Challenge of Resource Management - Introduction (Paper 2) Deck (52)
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1
Q

What is a resource?

A

A stock or a supply of something that has a value or purpose e.g. food, energy, water.

2
Q

Name 3 resources people need?

A
  1. Food
  2. Energy
  3. Water
3
Q

What is undernutrition?

A

A poorly balance diet lacking in vitamins and minerals

4
Q

How does a lack of food affect wellbeing?

A
  • Lead to illness
  • Illness leads to inability to work
5
Q

In which continent are most undernourished people concentrated?

A

Africa

6
Q

Why is water such an important resource?

A
  • Drinking (domestic)
  • Irrigating crops (agriculture)
  • Industry
7
Q

How does water affect wellbeing?

A
  • Important for crop/food production
  • Water for drinking/bathing
  • Source of power
8
Q

Why is there likely to be a water imbalance in the future?

A

Variations in climate and rainfall

9
Q

What is ‘water scarcity’?

A

A lack of a clean supply of water to meet demand

10
Q

In HICs which sector uses the greatest proportion of water?

A

Industry

11
Q

In LICs which sector uses the greatest proportioin of water?

A

Agriculture

12
Q

Name a region with little or no water scarcity

A
  • North America
  • Europe
13
Q

Name a region with physical water scarcity?

A

Middle East

14
Q

Why is world energy consumption increasing?

A

Countries are developing leading to increased demand in industry, homes etc.

15
Q

Which group of countries are seeing the fastest increase in the demand for energy?

A

Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)

16
Q

Why does the UK import so much food?

A
  • Cheap from abroad
  • UK produced food can be expensive
  • UK climate unsuitable for some food types eg bananas
  • Demand for seasonal produce all year
  • Demand for more choice
17
Q

What are food miles?

A

The distance travelled by food imported into the UK

18
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

The measure of carbon dioxide produced by certain activities

19
Q

How does food generate a carbon footprint?

A
  • Producing, processing and packaging food releases CO2
  • Food needs transporting which releases emissions
20
Q

How is the UK tackling it’s dependency on imported food and increasing air miles?

A
  • Moving towards more agribusiness
  • Producing more organic food
  • Encouraging people to buy locally
21
Q

What is food security?

A

Securing a reliable food supply by reducing dependence on imported food and growing more food in the UK

22
Q

What is agribusiness?

A

A farming methods that involves large scale, intensive farming, including production of fertilizers, farming methods are managed by one big firm. The aim is to produce as much as possible.

23
Q

What are the charactreristics of agribusinesses?

A
  • High levels of investment
  • Modern technology used
  • Chemical fertilisers used
  • Intensive production
24
Q

What is organic produce?

A

Food grown without the use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides)

25
Q

Lynford House Farm is an agribusiness in East Anglia.

What are its main features?

A
  • Flat, intensively farmed land
  • Makes use of the climate so grows wheat and potatoes
  • Chemical pesticides and fertilisers used
  • High number of machines
  • Low staff numbers
  • Has built a 54 million litre reservoir to store water
26
Q

Riverford Organic Farm in Devon delivers boxes of vegetables to customers.

What are the advantages of schemes like this?

A
  • Reduce food miles
  • Support local economy i.e. farmers
  • Provide jobs for local people
  • Strong link between producer and consumer
27
Q

Why will demand for water in the UK continue to increase?

A
  • Increasing population
  • More houses being built
  • More water intensive appliances eg washing machines
28
Q

What is meant by a ‘water surplus’?

A

Where the supply of water exceeds demand

29
Q

What is meant by a ‘water deficit’?

A

Where the demand for water exceeds supply

30
Q

Where in the UK is there a water surplus?

A

The north and west

31
Q

Where in the UK is there a water deficit?

A

The south and east

32
Q

What is ‘water stress’?

A

When demand for water is greater than the supply of water

33
Q

Name 3 ways that water savings can be made?

A
  1. Household water meters
  2. Using recycled water
  3. More efficient use of household appliances e.g. washing machines
34
Q

What is ‘grey water’?

A

Water that has already been used within a household.

35
Q

How can grey water be used again?

A
  • Watering plants
  • Flushing toilets
36
Q

What are water transfer schemes?

A

Water is moved from an area of surplus to an area of deficit using underground pipes.

37
Q

Name the water transfer scheme that transfers water from the River Tyne to the Tees, Derwent and Wear.

A

Kielder reservoir

38
Q

Why do people oppose water transfer schemes?

A
  • Damage to river habitats
  • High costs
  • Release of greenhouse gases when pumping water over long distances
39
Q

How does the Environment Agency manage water quality?

A
  • Monitoring river water quality
  • Removing sediment from water
  • Purifying water
  • Restricting recreational uses so water is not wasted or contiminated
  • Regulate water that is used.
40
Q

What are the sources of groundwater pollution?

A
  • Chemicals from mines
  • Industrial sites
  • Fertilisers from farms
  • Warm water from power stations
41
Q

Why has demand for energy in the UK declined in recent years?

A
  • Decline of heavy industry
  • More energy being conserved e.g. low energy appliances, efficient cars and building insulation
42
Q

What is meant by the term ‘energy mix’?

A

The amount and type of different energy sources used by a country

43
Q

How has the UK’s energy mix changed?

A
  • In the past - more reliance on coal
  • Now - less coal used. Gas and renewables form a large proportion of energy mix.
44
Q

What is ‘energy security’?

A

When a country generates enough of its own energy internally without relying on imports

45
Q

Coal use has declined over time but why will fossil fuels remain important to the UK?

A
  • Still plenty of coal reserves left
  • It is cheap to import
  • Shale gas will be exploited in future
46
Q

What is ‘fracking’?

A

The process of extracting shale gas from under the ground

47
Q

Explain how fracking works

A

High pressure liquids are pumped underground to release gas trapped within sedimentary rock.

48
Q

Why is fracking controversial?

A
  • Drilling can trigger earthquakes
  • Can pollute underground water sources
  • Expensive process
49
Q

What are the economic impacts (+ and -) of nuclear power?

A

- Expensive to build
- Costs a lot to produce the electricity
- Expensive to shut down when complete
+ Building boosts jobs and the local economy

50
Q

What are the environmental impacts (+ and -) of nuclear power?

A

- Radioactive waste needs to be carefully stored.
- Warm waste water can harm ecosystems
- Risk of radiation leaks

51
Q

What are the economic impacts (+ and -) of wind farms?

A

- cost a lot to build
- unattractive so less people spending money in local economy
+ some wind farms attract tourists
+ can reduce local bills

52
Q

What are the environmental impacts (+ and -) of wind farms?

A

- Don’t look nice
+ Reduced gas emissions
- Some noise pollution from the turbines
- Construction can harm the environment