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► Landscape Architecture > The Renaissance Terms > Flashcards

The Renaissance Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Italian for beautiful view; a roofed but open-sided porch or turret structure affording an extensive view; usually located at the rooftop of a dwelling but sometimes an independent tower on an eminence in a landscape or formal garden

A

Belvedere

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2
Q

A style of art and architecture characterized by extensive or extravagant ornamentation; curved rather than straight lines; classical forms of high renaissance

A

Baroque

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3
Q

Italian for grove of trees; thricket

A

Bosco

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4
Q

Small grove of trees

A

Boschetto

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5
Q

A natural or human-made waterfall; a series of small waterfalls or steeply inclined rapids

A

Cascade

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6
Q

Style of the Eastern or Greek Orthodox Church

A

Byzantine

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7
Q

A small, natural, roughly squared, or ovoid, stone large enough to be used for paving; Belgian blocks are rough-cut stones of a more rectangular form about twice the size of common bricks

A

Cobblestone

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8
Q

The Italian word for an interior courtyard, usually surrounded by a colonnade, or an arcade in a palace or other building

A

Cortile

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9
Q

A hemispherical roof or dome situated atop a circular or polygonal base and crowning a roof; a tower-like structure eith lantern windows projecting above a roof

A

Cupola (Latin cupa for “cup”)

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10
Q

A knoblike decorative feature that terminates the top of an architectural pinnacle, gable peak or bannister; typically with foliage motif

A

Finial

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11
Q

Popular feature in Italian Renaissance gardens, usually enclosed by walls and/or clipped evergreen hedges; setting for musical and dance performances; Villa Madama, Rome

A

Garden Theater

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12
Q

Italian word for a natural or articial cave built as a shady moist retreat from the heat; stems from the Latin word crypta or crypt, meaning “a cave or cavern…picturesques…an agreeable retreat…an excavation…made to imitate s rocky cave, often adorned with shell-work and serving as a place of…cool retreat”

A

Grotto

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13
Q

An Italian word describing a small garden set apart from the main garden of a rural Renaissance garden, providing greater privacy than available in the larger, more crowded areas of the villa during times of festive social gatherings

A

Giardino segreto (Secret Garden)

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14
Q

Italian for an enclosed parcel of land used for hunting, or park

A

Barco

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15
Q

French word for a garden structure, hothouse, or sheltered place within a garden for the protected growth of citrus trees in cooler climates; popular in England (17th to 19th centuries)

A

Orangerie or Orangery

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16
Q

Named for the Greek god of travelers; related to the worship of stone; the bust or legless torso of a male figure emerging from square pedestal; sometimes used as a pilaster or monument in ancient Greece and as milestones of one’s property to demarcate ownership in Rome.

A

Herm or Herma

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17
Q

Italian word for palace in an urban setting

A

Palazzo

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18
Q

A pleasure garden created during the earliest Italian Renaissance stage of villa garden development for purposes of gathering together people to enjoy the pleasure of the garden and to conduct conversations; an adaptation of the earlier Greco-Roman academy or aristocratic villa setting of Imperial Roman times

A

Philosopher’s Garden

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19
Q

French garden feature with water fountains and sculpture as the major design elements; typically open and spacious

A

Parterre d’eau

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20
Q

The Italian word for the portion of the villa that functions as a farm

A

Podere

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21
Q

A method of forming stonework with roughened surfaces and recessed joints, employed principally in Renaissance buildings to give an appearance of great strength

A

Rustication

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22
Q

Italian for sacred grove; often an underdeveloped or wild area set in contrast to a more formally designed garden; derived from the ancient tradition of the Greek sacred grove, where one could experience natural surroundings rather than human-made surroundings

A

Sacro bosco

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23
Q

From the Italian word for “to scratch”; a process of incising or scratching the outer surface of a mural or clay vessel to produce design

A

Sgraffito

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24
Q

To scribble on a wall or public surface

A

Graffito or graffiti

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25
Q

Italian for baked earth; hard-baked clay of reddish or yellowish-brown color used for sculpture, flower pots and as a building material; may be glazed or painted; (or) the expression for the color of hard-baked clay

A

Terra cotta

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26
Q

In the Renaissance Italy, a country house surrounded by formal gardens

A

Villa

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27
Q

A confined segment of a view usually toward a terminal or dominant element or feature; may be natural or completely human-made view

A

Vista

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28
Q

A popular feature in the Italian Renaissance gardens, where water in pools and fountains was the major design feature; usually enclosed by walls and/or clipped evergreen hedges

A

Water Theater (i.e. Villa Gamberaia)

29
Q

During the Renaissance, it was the central feature of the Boboli Gardens in Florence (1550) and the Piazza di Siena

A

Hippodrome

30
Q

French term; a narrow passageway between walls, high fences, or tall, closely set vegetation

A

Allee (Alley)

31
Q

A narrow way framed by closely planted trees or shrubs of a height at least twice the width of the way

A

Open Allee

32
Q

A series of balusters, bannisters, or small pillars that support a handrail or stair rail

A

Balustrade

33
Q

A small fortified town laid our during middle ages on a gridiron plan by the English in the parts of France which they occupied

A

Bastide

34
Q

A French term originally applied to the broad way or parade within the rampart of a fortified town; demolished in the 19th century; replaced by wide streets; applied to any broad way or thoroughfare, particularly if it is bordered by important structures

A

Boulevard

35
Q

In France, a grove of trees; thricket; more ordered, with geometric paths and clearings, or cabinet de verdure compared to the English

A

Bosquet

36
Q

French expression for embroidery on the ground; decorative arrangement of ornamental flowers beds with intervals of grave, or turf

A

Broderie par terre or Parterre de broderie

37
Q

A French term for a clearing in a grove of trees in a formal garden; serves as an outdoor amusement area

A

Cabinet or sometimes, Cabinet de verdure

38
Q

French word for a castle or a fine country estate, including the residence and grounds

A

Chateau

39
Q

French expression for a clear view; used to refer to prescribed vantage points in a garden, often as a window-like clearing with a grillwork screen

A

Clairevoie or Clair voyee

40
Q

A French term that literally means “bottom of a bag,” for a short dead-end street; used widely in suburban residential layouts today; minimize the danger, noise, and nuisance of through traffic

A

Cul-de-sac

41
Q

A tree, shrub, or vine trained to grow flat against a wall or on a trellis

A

Espalier

42
Q

The front face of a building; also, the other sides when they are emphasized architecturally

A

Facade

43
Q

A roof drainage spout typically carved into a grotesque figure and extending out from the roof edge to project rainwater away from the building walls

A

Gargoyle

44
Q

French for “hamlet”; an artificial grouping of peasant buildings to be seen in, or from, a landscape garden in England and elsewhere; Petit Trianon at Versailles

A

Hameau

45
Q

French for “garden”

A

Jardin

46
Q

French for “jet of water”; an upright spray or fountain

A

Jet d’eau

47
Q

French for great age, century, or generation during which King Louis XIV (1638-1715) reigned as the Sun King from 1643-1715

A

Le Grand Siecle

48
Q

The French expression for the middle ages

A

Le Moyen Age

49
Q

French for Sun King; pertaining to King Louis XIV, the longest if any French monarch; built the palace and gardens of Versailles into the most grandiose royal residence of all time

A

Le Roi Soleil

50
Q

A roof with a steep, almost vertical, lower slope and flatter upper portion; named after French architect; similar to gambrel roof except for its sloping ends

A

Mansard Roof (F. Mansard, 1598-1666)

51
Q

A recess in a wall, hollowed like a shell, for a statue or ornament; (or) the particular role or job of an individual species or organism in its community and its environment, including its position in the food cycle

A

Niche

52
Q

French expression for “goosefoot”; used in reference ro the radiating avenues in a garden which were popular during the French Baroque and English High Renaissance

A

Patte d’oie

53
Q

A French word for an exterior set of steps up a sloped terrace; ramped steps

A

Perron

54
Q

The French word for an open space or square in an urban setting

A

Place

55
Q

A garden created for pleasure; enclosed within the walls or ramparts of a castle

A

Pleasance

56
Q

A low continuous platform or stylobate on which a temple is built; (or) a raised platform surrounding the arena of an ancient amphitheatre

A

Podium

57
Q

A tree whose main branches are cut back to near the trunk to form a crown of many small dense branched; common practice in the European cities

A

Pollard

58
Q

A French word for vegetable garden or kitchen garden; from a French word meaning “soup”

A

Potager (Potage)

59
Q

A composition, usually circular, which is comprised of radii, rays, or lines extending outward from a center point; popular motif used in Baroque compositions; French rond point is an example

A

Radial

60
Q

Pertaining yo land on either side of non-navigable stream; also, a right associated with stream side property, especially related to the use and restriction of use of the water flowing in such a stream; also, a kind of vegetable that which grows adjacent to a stream

A

Riparian

61
Q

French for the point of intersection of a number of axial paths or allees; originally, an open space in forest parks where ladies and courtiers of the French Renaissance chateaux could sit and watch the comings and goings of the hunt; later employed by Hausmann in Paris for traffic circles at the intersection of streets; in England, a roundabout

A

Rond Point

62
Q

A French term for a square or rectangular manicured grass area; “green carpet”

A

Tapis Vert

63
Q

French term for a lattice for vines or other plants

A

Treillage (Trellis)

64
Q

A form of illusionistic painting that attempts to represent an object as though it existed in 3D ; literally, “eye-fooling”; also, employed in architecture or landscape architecture by converging and/or diminishing the size of elements in the composition to suggest exaggerated depth

A

Trompe L’oeil

65
Q

A French word for a screen or visual baffle

A

Voile

66
Q

In Elizabethan gardens, a raised place, where one could climb “to view a fair prospect”; usually, at the top, there was an arbor or sitting place

A

Mount

67
Q

In England, a grove of trees; a thicket that furnishes a shaded place away from the formal geometric portion of a garden

A

Bosket

68
Q

In Tudor England, a figure, often in the form of a heraldic beast, of carved wood, stone, or lead, placed at a post in the garden; used as an accent or focal point; often painted with bright colors

A

Beeste

69
Q

A French word meaning a surface encrusted with shells, pebbles, and coarse, rough-hewn rocks; origin of the word rococo

A

Rocaille

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