The Wars of Religion (1560-1648)

Question 1

What two groups were constantly at war with each other from 1560-1648?

Answer 1

Catholics and Protestants

Question 2

What was the Catholic Crusade?

Answer 2

Holy Roman Emperor was divided in 1556 between Ferdinand and Phillip II. Catholic attacked the Protestants.

Question 3

Who was Mary I who reigned from 1553-1558?

Answer 3

• Catholic Queen of England who married Phillip II
• Sought to make England Catholic
• Executed many Protestants
• Known as “Bloody Mary”

Question 4

What was the Thirty Years War?

Answer 4

A series of wars in Central Europe between 1618–1648. It occurred for a number of reasons, although it is principally a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics.

Question 5

What was the “Peace of Augsburg (1555)”?

Answer 5

Settled disputes between Lutherans and Cathlolics

Question 6

During the 17th century, political systems of the countries in EUrope began dividing into two types. What were these 2 types?

Answer 6

Absolutist (France) and constitutionalist (England, United Provinces, and Sweden)

Question 7

What was the difference between Constitutionalism and Absolutism?

Answer 7

Absolutism: n the absolutist state, sovereignty is embodied in the person of the ruler and absolute kings claimed to rule by divine right, (they were responsible to God alone)

Constitutionalism: the limitation of government by law – implies balance between authority of government and rights of the subjects

Question 8

What was the Puritan Revolution\English Civil War\Great Rebellion?

Answer 8

Charles I of England. a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (“Roundheads”) and Royalists (“Cavaliers”) in the Kingdom of England over, principally, the manner of its government.

Question 9

Whose army defeated Charles’ army in the English Civil War?

Answer 9

Oliver Cromwell