Thurs Wk 6 Mixed 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Thurs Wk 6 Mixed 1 Deck (12)
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1
Q

__ survival bias occurs when cases are selected from entire disease pop and not new cases
thus contains higher proportion of __ dz

for first few weeks of TB infection, the org __ in unchecked fashion w/in phagosome of alveolar macrophages
then APC display antigens and release __ to differentiate Th1 cells
activated macros then form __ phagolyosomes and epitheliod cells
release of / limits mycobacterial prolif but also causes caseous necrosis

widespread MSK pain and fatigue, psych probs indicates __
multiple tender points w out joint/muslce __
normal __ markers
tx w __ exercise and /

A

selective
benign

PROLIFERATES
IL12
acidified
ROS, digestive enzymes

FIBROMYALGIA
INFLAMMATION
inflammatory
aeorbic, TCA/SNRI

2
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica does not have __ sx or TENDERNESS

fragility fracture is highly suggestive of __
involves __ bone of vertebral column first
then involves __ in shafts of long bone/outer bones
serum studies are __

MM has high serum __ w normal albumin
BJ proteins are filtered in glomerulus and reabsorbed in __
precipitates w __ protein to cause tubule obstruction/epithelial injury
can be deposited in glomerul __ and capillary loops

__ causes T cell leukemia
see lytic bone lesions and _
rash in pt from J/A

A

neuropsych

osteoporosis

osteoporosis
cancellous
CORTICAL
normal

protein
PT
Tamm horstfal protein
mesangium

HTLV1
hypercalcemia
japan, africa

3
Q

Nitrates cause poison by changing ferrous to __ iron
this forms __ that cannot bind O2
any other ferrous iron has __ affinity for O2 w left shift
pO2 is undissolved in plasma and remains __
see __ discoloration of skin
leads to functional __
bc it cannot bind O2, content/carrying capacity will __

schizophrenia may also include disorganized _ and negative sx

Bloom syndrome due to mutation in _ gene for helicase
see growth retard, _ anomalies, photosensitive rash and immunodeficiency

__ hyperplasia is benign enlargement of lymphoid tissue
Follicular hyperplasia occurs when follicles inc in /
sinus hyperplasia occurs when sinuse fill w __
diffuse occurs when nodal architecture has __ effacement of cells

A
ferric
methemoglobin
higher
NORMAL
dusky
ANEMIA

behavior

BLM
facial

reactive
size/number
histiocytes
diffuse

4
Q

__ transformation of LN has hgh number of malignant lymphoid cells being produced
can be __/__
Reactive hyperplasia is __
Malignant is __ from unchecked proliferation of only one cell line
thus, check for __ rearrangements for cancer

/ in ToF cause low SVR/PVR ratio

strongyloids transmitted by __ in soil w skin contact
migrate to __ and are coughed up/swallowed
when reach intestine, hatch into __ in intestinal mucosa
form __ larvae to excrete in stool
some can form __ larva and reinfect host (autoinfection)
may lead to high burden w __ and septic shock
usually in pt w __ or HTLV1
due to impaired __ cell immunity
pt is in __ region
sx include / sx w larva curren streaks
dx w __ in stool as egg/adults only seen on __
tx w __

A
malignant
follicular/diffuse
polyclonal
monoclonal
MONOCLONAL gene

PS/overriding aorta

larvae
lungs
adults
rhabdidiform
filariform
hyperinfection
immunosuppression
Th2
WARM
GI/pulm
larvae
intestinal biopsy
ivermectin
5
Q

parasite eggs in stool indicates __/__
tapeworms like / have proglottids in stool
/ have trophs/cysts in stool

access great saphenous vein in __ or near __ inferolateral to pubic tubercle

pain of vesicles on hard palate/tongue/lips in __ leads to dehydration
reactivation produces __ located on lip

__ has target lesions w dusky center and halo
due to __ response w high CD8 t cells
think infection w H/M or causes like S/C

HSP is due to __ deposition in vessel walls
see __ pain and bleeding
inc risk of __
see __ w mesangial prolif and crescent formation
along w __ and joint pain

A

S japonicum/mansoni
Taenia, Diphylo
Giardia, entamoeba

medial leg, femoral triangle

gingivostomatitis
herpes labialis

erythema multiforme
CMI
HSV, mycoplasma, sulfonamides, CVD

IgA immune complex
GI
intussception
IgA Nephropathy
palpable purpura
6
Q

pt w __ hypertrophy of LV must inc __ to maintain CO
only occurs in __ process, as acute pt develops pulm edema

orthostatic hypoTN due to __ below heart
dec __ dec CO
drops __ to activate SNS via A1/B1 receptors is normal response

M/P are A1 agonists

MOST COMMON AE OF FIBRINOLYTIC DRUGS IS __
sx of intracranial hemorrhage include dec __, __ pupils and irregular bleeding
think reperfusion injury w A/S/D

ab pain/bloody diarrhea following surgical procedure has _
due to nonocclusive ischemia at watershed areas of __ flexure and __jxn (sigmoid-SR)
see pale mucosa w __

A

eccentric
LVSV
chronic

pooling of blood
VR
BP

midodine, phenylephrine

HEMORRHAGE
conciousness, assymetric
arrhythmia, myocardial stunning, myocyte death

ISCHEMIC COLITIS
splenic, rectosigmoid
petechial hemorrhage

7
Q

Nec fasc can be caused by S, S, C and is usually polymicrobial
bacteria spread through __ tissues/deep fascia
due to __ w erythema, swelling, pain OoP to exam
release of toxins leads to __
tx w __ and antibiotics

strep pyo has __ beta hemolyis
bactitracin __
spreads due to H__/exotoxins

C perfringens is gram __ anaerobic spore forming __
has __ zone of hemolysis
S agalactiae prodces __ beta hemolysis

use L__ as anticonvulsant as it blocks Na channels
along w P/P/C have risk of SJS epidermal necrolysis

A
strep pyo, staph aureus, c perfringens
superficial
trauma
septic shoc
surgical debridement

wide zone, sensitive
hyaluronidase

pos, rod
double zone
narrow zone

lamontrigine
phenytoin, phenobarbitol, carbamazepine

8
Q

AR murmur is diastolic __ right after A2
peak intensity heard at __ of aortic valve

MR murmur occurs as __ valve opens

KW nodules located in __
ovoid/spherical w lamellated appearance that look __
stain __ POSITIVE
these nodules compress __ w resulting nephrotic syndrome

HepC is assc w __
glomeruli are hypercellular w thickening/splitting of __
__ immune complex dep

solid tumors assc w __
capillary wall thickening and membrane __ w subepi deposits

acute H pylori infection composed of __ but chronic has L/F/P
leads to nonatrophic __
inc risk of __ and MALTOMA

A

decrescendo
closure

AORTIC

mesangium
eosinophilic
PAS
glomeruli

Membranoproliferative
GBM
SUBENDOTHELIAL

Membranous nephropathy
spikes

PMN
lymphocytes, follicles, plasma cells
chronic gastritis
gastric adenocarcinoma

9
Q

myocyte relaxation due to calcium __ via Na/Ca pump and Ca ATPase (SERCA)
NCX pumps 1 Ca out for __ sodium in
Smooth muscle has no __, thus calmodulin regulates intracellular calcium

transtentorial herniation occurs w Uncus of __ lobe goes into tentorium
in __ herniation, cingulate gyrus herniates past falx cereberi to compress ACA
in __ herniation, tonsils enter FM and compress medulla

uncal herniation due to __ forcing compression of ipsi __ and __ artery
may compress contralateal __ thus ipsi hemiparesis
can rupture __ artery which is fatal

Protease inhibs SE include L/H and inhibition of __
use __ instead of rifampin

major SE of foscarnet is __ tox and electrolyte probs
SE of TMP-SMX is megaloblastic anemia and __

A

efflux
3
troponin

medial temporal
falcine
tonsillar

mass lesion
CN3, Posterior cerebral artery
cerebellar peduncle
Basilar

lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, p450
rifabutin

renal

SJS

10
Q

ulcers in anterior duodenal bulb can _ into GB/liver
ulcers on posterior bulb cause __ as it is close to __ artery and CBD/portal vein
GD artery comes from __ artery

spleen __ early in life due to trapping of sickle cells w atrophy/fibrosis
sequestration is more likely w __ w rapidly enlarging spleen EARLY in life
pt w hemolytic anemia has higher __ requirement

left 12th rib overlies __ medially and __ laterally
lower border of / found at the 11th rib

_ is most common obstruction for AA
retained __ causes appendix to distend and dec venous return
ischemia leads to __ invasion

A

perforate
hemorrhage, gastroduodenal
common hepatic artery

autoinfarcts
congesion

parietal pleura, left kidney
SPLEEN/LIVER

fecalith
mucus
bacterial

11
Q

bridging cerebral vein flow is __ thus SDH has slow onset
look for gradually worsening HA w __ mass
due to __ it occurs more often in elderly
may see __ probs, seizure, somnolence, memory loss

think __ w lucid interval and lost conciousness
see __ shape

use __/__/__ to dx HSV2
H ducreyi is gram neg __

painless ulcers w/out LAD is __
dx w gram stain and __ of donovan bodies

active hepatitis induces regenerative __ inc chance for genetic mutations
such as in HBV w __ protein that inactivates p53

A

sower
CRESCENT SHAPED
cerebral atrophy
gait

epidural hematoma
LENTIFORM

PCR/tzank smear/DFA
rod

K granulomatis
biopsy

hyperplasia
HBx

12
Q

__ is dose req to produce effect
dependent on __ for receptor
measured via __

maximum effect is __

A

potency
affinity
ED50

efficacy