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ID Clin Med > Ticks are gross > Flashcards

Ticks are gross Flashcards

1
Q

Which bacteria causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burdorferi

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2
Q

Which bacteria causes human babesiosis?

A

Babesia microti

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3
Q

Which bacteria causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophila

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4
Q

Symptoms of tick borne illness?

A

Asymptomatic or mild to life-threatening illness

  • Fever/chills
  • Aches/pains
  • Rash
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5
Q

How is lyme disease spread?

A

Ixodes ticks (I. scapularis)

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6
Q

Four life stages of hard ticks

A
  • Egg
  • Six legged larvae
  • Eight legged nymph
  • Adult
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7
Q

When do adult ticks peak?

A

Spring and fall

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8
Q

When do nymph ticks peak?

A

May-July

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9
Q

Which stage of tick is most likely to bite you?

A

Nymphs

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10
Q

How long must an ixodes tick feed to transmit lyme?

A

24 hours

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11
Q

Can transmit several tick-borne diseases including anaplasmosis, babesiosis and Lyme disease

A

Blacklegged or deer ticks

Ixodes scapularis

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12
Q

What causes human anaplasmosis?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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13
Q

Which bacteria cause erlichiosis?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia ewingii

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14
Q

Which ticks transmit the diseases erlichiosis and anaplasmosis?

A

Blacklegged tick, lone star tick, western blacklegged tick

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15
Q

Rash appearance similar to lime disease but has not been linked to arthritic, neurologic, or chronic symptoms

A

STARI

Southern tick associated rash illness

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16
Q

Which tick transmits STARI?

A

Lone star tick

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17
Q

Where are most cases of STARI found?

A

Southeastern US

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18
Q

What is the incubation period of anaplasmosis?

A

1-2 weeks

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19
Q

Common symptoms of anaplasmosis?

A

Fever, chills, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthralgias

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20
Q

What is increasing in Maine - anaplasmosis or erlichiosis?

A

Anaplasmosis. There are no documentations of erlichiosis in Maine.

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21
Q

What will the lab findings be in a patient with anaplasmosis?

A

Mild anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia with a left shift
Mild elevation of LFTs

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22
Q

Best way to diagnose anaplasma?

A

PCR assay for DNA

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23
Q

What is the adult treatment for anaplasmosis?

A

Doxycycline 100mg

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24
Q

How do you treat children with anaplasmosis?

A

Start with doxycycline, follow-up with beta-lactam

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25
Q

If your patient is resistant to doxycycline and has anaplasmosis, what can you give them?

A

Rifampin

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26
Q

What parasite causes babesiosis?

A

Babesia microti

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27
Q

How does Babesia micro infect its hosts?

A

It infects red blood cells and causes hemolysis

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28
Q

What is the animal reservoir for babesiosis?

A

Rodents and small mammals

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29
Q

What is the vector for babesiosis?

A

Ixodes tick

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30
Q

Where does Babesiosis usually occur?

A

Northeast coast of US

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31
Q

How long is the incubation period of babesiosis after a tick bite?

A

1-3 weeks

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32
Q

Symptoms of babesiosis?

A

Fever/Chills/Sweats
N/V
Myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue

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33
Q

What will you find on PE of a patient with Babesiosis?

A

Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice

34
Q

Risk factors for severe disease from Babesiosis?

A

Age over 50

Asplenia, malignancy, HIV, immunosuppressives

35
Q

Do you treat asymptomatic Babesiosis?

A

No

36
Q

How do you diagnose Babesiosis?

A

PCR

37
Q

What type of diagnostic test will confirm a diagnosis of Babesiosis?

A

Blood smear will show intra-erythrocytic parasites

38
Q

How do you treat babesiosis?

A

Clindamycine/Quinine or Atovaqone/Azithromycin

39
Q

Your patient just returned from a hiking trip and presents with erythema migrants, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, a fever with chills and a headache. You note swollen lymph nodes on PE. What do you suspect?

A

Lyme disease

40
Q

How long does it usually take for a bull’s eye (erythema migrans) rash to develop after at tick bite?

A

10-30 days

41
Q

What are the symptoms of early localized lyme disease?

A

Erythema migrans rash and associated symptoms

42
Q

What are the symptoms of early disseminated lyme disease?

A

Multiple EM rashes, associated symptoms, lyme carditis, and neurologic symptoms

43
Q

What is lyme carditis?

A

Fluctuating AV block

44
Q

What are the neurological symptoms of lyme disease?

A

Cranial neuritis
Lymphocytic meningitis
Radiculoneuritis

45
Q

How do you diagnose lyme disease?

A

Serologic tests

ELISA followed by western blot

46
Q

How can you prevent seroconvervison of lyme disease?

A

Antibiotics early in disease

47
Q

What are you testing for if a person has been sick with Lyme-like symptoms for less than 4 weeks?

A

IgM and IgG

48
Q

What are you testing for if a person has been sick with Lyme-like symptoms for MORE than 4 weeks?

A

IgG

49
Q

What happens more often, a Lye reinfection or a Lyme relapse?

A

Re-infection

50
Q

Treatment for lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

51
Q

What are the guidelines for using Doxycycline as a prophylactic treatment?

A
  1. Tick has been identified as an engorged deer tick and has been attached for over 36 hours
  2. Exposure occurred in an area where there is a high rate of infected ticks
  3. It has not been more than 72 hours
52
Q

What bacteria causes Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Rickettsia Ricketsiae

53
Q

What tick causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Dermacenter (dog) ticks

54
Q

What usually characterizes a RMSF infection?

A

Skin rash
high fever
headaches
Muscle pain

55
Q

What can you use to treat RMSF

A

Doxycycline or chloramphenicol

56
Q

When do 90% of RMSF cases occur?

A

April-Septemtber

57
Q

What are the long term sequelae of RMSF?

A

CNS defecits

Amputations

58
Q

When will the RMSF rash appear?

A

2-5 days after onset of fever

59
Q

What will the RSMF rash look like in the beginning?

A

1-5mm macules on ankles, wrists, forearms and spreads centripetally to trunk

60
Q

When does the petechial rash of RSMF occur?

A

Day 6

61
Q

How do you treat RMSF?

A

Tetracyclines

Chloramphenicol

62
Q

What bacteria causes Tularemia?

A

Francisella tularensis

63
Q

What transmits tularemia?

A

American dog tick, lone star tick, rocky mountain wood tick

64
Q

Gram negative
Non-motive
Non-sporulating
Cocco-bacillus

A

Francisella Tularensis

65
Q

What are the arthropod vectors of tularemia?

A

Ticks, biting flies, mosquitos

66
Q

Inhalation of ____ bacteria can cause tularemia

A

10

67
Q

Is there person to person spread of tularemia?

A

no

68
Q

How can you get Tularemia?

A 
Ingestion
Inhalation
Direct contact
Arthropod determinates
Animal bites
69
Q

Best way to diagnose ulceroglandular tularemia?

A

PCR

70
Q

How do you treat ulceroglandular tularemia?

A

Streptomycin/Gentamicin

FQ’s (Ciprofloxacin)

71
Q

What arthropod born spirochete genus causes relapsing fevers?

A

Borrelia

72
Q

Characterized by recurrent cycles of febrile episodes, separated by asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery

A

Relapsing fevers

73
Q

What causes Louse-borne relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia recurrentis

74
Q

What causes epidemic typhus?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

75
Q

What are the three types of lice?

A

Head: Pediculus capitus
Body: Peduculus humanus
Pubic: Phthirus pubis

76
Q

What is the biggest type of lice? Smallest?

A

Body is biggest

Pubic lice is smallest

77
Q

Which type of lice spreads bacterial disease?

A

Body lice

78
Q

Do head and pubic lice spread disease?

A

NO

79
Q

How do people get bitten by ticks?

A

Ticks grab onto people or clothes when they walk through a grassy/wooded area. Ticks then crawl to a feeding spot on the person’s skin.

80
Q

Tick prevention?

A
  1. wear protective clothing
  2. use insect repellant
  3. perform daily tick checks
  4. use caution in tick-infested areas

ID Clin Med (3 decks)

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