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Tissues > Tissues 2 > Flashcards

Tissues 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do epithelia lie?

A

Basal lamina of connective tissue.

Apical side of epithelia is open (not in contact with anything else)

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2
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelia?

A

Cuboidal (uniform shape in 3D)

Columnar (extended)

Squamous (flattened)

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3
Q

What are the types of layers of epithelia?

A

Simple

Stratified

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of simple squamous epithelia.

A
  1. Lung alveolar
  2. Mesothelium
  3. Endothelium
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5
Q

Give an example of simple cuboidal?

A

Kidney Collecting Duct

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6
Q

Give an example of simple columnar?

A

Enterocytes

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of stratified squamous cells?

A
  1. Keratinising - nuclei not visible in surface layer cells

2. Non-keratinising - nuclei visible in surface layer cells

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8
Q

Give examples of keratinising cells. (DRY)

A
  1. Epidermis, skin
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9
Q

Give examples of non keratinising cells. (MOIST)

A
  1. Linings of the mouth
  2. Oesophagus
  3. GI tract
  4. Cervix
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10
Q

What is present in the base of keratinising cells?

A

Stem cells

They replace surface cells as they are lost

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11
Q

What are pseudo stratified epithelia?

A

Cells that appear to be stratified but are simple

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12
Q

Give an example of a pseudostratified epithelia?

A

Upper airway epithelia

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13
Q

Why do epithelia need functional polarity?

A

Secretion, transport, absorption are UNIDIRECTIONAL

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14
Q

What is the key for epithelial function?

A

Membrane polarity

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15
Q

What separates the apical domain from the basolateral domain?

A

Cell-cell junctions

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16
Q

What do tight junctions do?

A

Restrict paracellular permeability?

17
Q

How do tight junctions keep the apical and basolateral domains distinct?

A

Prevents mixing of membrane components

18
Q

The intestinal epithelium has absorptive and secretory cells. Which cells are absorptive and which are secretory?

A

Enterocytes - absorptive

Goblet cells - secretory

19
Q

What are the two “…crine” functions that secretory tissues can be?

A

Exocrine (into gut)

Endocrine (into blood)

20
Q

Where does the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes?

A

Lumen of the gut

21
Q

Where does the pancreas secrete islet hormones?

A

Bloodstream

22
Q

Where do endocrine cells have their secretory vesicles?

A

In the basal cytoplasm

They secrete contents into the basal aspect.

23
Q

Where do exocrine cells have their secretory vesicles?

A

In the apical cytoplasm

They secrete into the apical aspect.

24
Q

How are tissues arranged when the main purpose is secretion?

A

Into tubules and ducts

Endocrine tissues surround blood vessels

25
Q

What are the 2 types of secretion?

A

Constitutive

Stimulated

26
Q

What is constitutive secretion?

A

Vesicles go straight to the membrane and fuse as soon as they are formed

27
Q

What is stimulated secretion?

A

Requires a stimulus to send vesicles to membrane and fuse

28
Q

Give an example of constitutive secretion?

A

Plasma protein production by hepatocytes (constitutive endocrine)

29
Q

Give an example of stimulated secretion?

A

Neurotransmitter release when action potential reaches axon terminus

Fight or flight (stimulated endocrine)

Pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes (stimulated exocrine)

30
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Non keratinising epithelia

31
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Keratinised Stratified Squamous epithelium - barrier to environment

32
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Cuboidal basal cell layer (stem cells) - forms layer of cells that will later renew the top

Callouses = responses to pressure. Continued pressure produces callouses as skin responds to pressure with mitosis

33
Q

What can defects in cytokeratins or cell junctions cause?

A

Epidermal damage may occur - cause blistering disease

34
Q

What happens to CNS cells if they die?

A

They are lost

35
Q

How are surface epithelial cells in the villus renewed?

A

Stem cells in the intestinal crypt gradually differentiate as they move up

36
Q

How are surface epidermal cells renewed?

A

Dermis region is where stem cells differentiate as they move up.

Tissues (11 decks)

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