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Flashcards in TMJ / Breathing Deck (30)
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1
Q

What is the only joint in the body that has equal movement in rotation and translation?

A

TMJ

2
Q

What movement occurs in the superior compartment, divided by the disk?

A

gliding; hinging and rotation occurs in the inferior compartment

3
Q

What bony parts make up the TMJ?

A

fossa of temporal bone articulates with the condyle of the mandible

4
Q

What muscles do retrusion?

A

temporalis and suprahyoids (pull mandible up)

5
Q

What are the osteokinematics for protrusion?

A

anterior translation, some rotation, mandible slightly goes down

6
Q

How can poor posture affect TMJ?

A

poor posture tugs forward omohyoid (which is attached to scapula), which tugs on hyoid, affecting TMJ

7
Q

What osteokinematics occur with L lateral excursion?

A
  • ipsilateral side (L) acts as a pivot (only rotation occurs)
  • contralateral side (R) moves in an anteriomedial direction via BOTH translation and rotation
8
Q

What is the order of translation and rotation for depressing mouth? elevating mouth?

A

depressing mouth = rotation then translation

elevating mouth = translation then rotation

9
Q

What must happen to the lungs during inspiration, involving Boyle’s law?

A

THORACIC CAVITY: P decreases, V increases

  • for inspiration, they need to go from high to low pressure (for air to come in)
  • to do this, we need to manipulate volume (needs to increase)
10
Q

How do we expire naturally? Forcefully?

A

P must increase, V must decrease

  • expiration is a passive event: alveoli recoil without much work on our part
  • forced expiration involves abs and intercostals to push air out, like during exercise
11
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during breathing?

A
  • inspiration = diaphragm contracts and lowers, which increases volume
  • expiration = diaphragm relaxes and raises, decreasing volume
12
Q

What two bony articulations make the T-spine so stable?

A
  • tubercle of rib to the transverse process of T-vert

- head of the rib to the vertebral body

13
Q

What two pieces make up the sternocostal joint? What kind of movement is allowed here?

A

1) costochondral = rib to cartilage, little to no movement

2) chondrosternal = some gliding here

14
Q

What is the main issue with COPD?

A

they can get air in, but they can’t get it back out

  • alveoli broken down, won’t passively recoil
  • their chest will change shape b/c they’re working so hard to get air out: “barrel-chest”
15
Q

What happens to the diaphragm over time with COPD?

A
  • the residual volume in the lungs continues to increase (b/c you can’t get it out), which flattens the diaphragm and rearranges the fibers
  • now it’s not a good inspiratory muscle b/c it won’t pull as efficiently, so these people have issues breathing IN now, as well as out
16
Q

What is the normal tidal volume during normal breathing?

A

~500mL

17
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

inspiratory capacity + tidal volume + expiratory capacity

- does NOT include residual capacity

18
Q

How does total lung capacity differ from vital capacity?

A

total lung capacity includes everything that vital capacity does, but also includes residual lung capacity (that dead air we can’t get out)

19
Q

What should we teach low back pain pts with breathing?

A

teach them proper breathing techniques:

  • you want your stomach to expand more than your chest
  • breathe in through nose, out through mouth
20
Q

What pts may demonstrate shallow breathing?

A
  • these pts have no deep breaths

- could be from a pulled intercostal muscle, heart failure, infection

21
Q

What 3 diameter changes increase the volume for the lungs during inspiration?

A

1) vertical diameter change via diaphragm lowering
2) pump handle via ribs 2-5, increases ant/post diameter
3) bucket handle via ribs 7-10, increases lateral diameter

22
Q

How are the ribs able to expand in the bucket and pump handle?

A

there’s movement at the sternocostal joint by the work of the external and internal intercostals, which move the ribs

23
Q

What are the muscles of ventilation?

A

external and internal intercostals, as well as diaphragm

24
Q

Parasternal and interosseus intercostals are what kind of intercostals? What do they do?

A

internal intercostals

  • parasternal = close in alignment w/ ext. intercostals, aka interchondral; do inspiration
  • interosseus = run in a different angle and do forced expiration, depress ribs
25
Q

What muscles elevate the ribs?

A

external intercostals, and parasternal intercostals assist

26
Q

What are the three types of dysfunctional breathing?

A

1) accessory breathing = using more muscles, especially during expiration
2) chest breathing = using more chest than diaphragm
3) shallow breathing = no deep breaths, can be due to disease or pulled intercostal

27
Q

What muscles can be used in accessory breathing?

A

abdominals, sternal head of pec major, scalenes

- bring your arms up behind your head or anchor on knees to allow better breathing via pec

28
Q

What occurs in paradoxical breathing?

A
  • chest goes in while abdominals go out; not in sync

- some muscles are intact, some not

29
Q

What is flail chest?

A
  • when the abs and intercostals are moving but the ribs are not; may look like they’re going in
  • ribs are likely fractured due to trauma aren’t aren’t working, leaving abs and intercostals to do all the work, which is inefficient
30
Q

What kind of breathing issue would a SCI cause for a pt?

A

could cause paradoxical breathing if diaphragm is intact but abs/intercostals aren’t
- this would make the chest go in while abdominals go out