Topic 50 - Neurohormonal regulation of food intake and gastrintestinal tract Flashcards
1
Q
Words to include in regulation of food intake
A
- Hunger
- Satiety
- Appetite
- Lateral nucleus of hypothalamus
- Gluttony (hyperphagia)
- Aphagia
- Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
- Amygdale
- Prefrontal cortex
Mediators decreasing food intake:
- Acetylcholine
- Serotonin
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Gulcagon
- Somatosin
- VIP
- Neurotensin
Mediators increasing food intake:
- Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY)
- Opoid peptides
- Dopamine
- GABA
- Leptin
- Regulatory signals:*
- Glucostatic
- Aminostatic
- Volatile fatty acid effect
2
Q
Words to include in neuro-hormonal regulation of the GI-tract
A
- Passing
- Mixing
- Mincing
- CNS
- Local regulation
- Chewing
- Swallowing
- Salivary secretion
- Defecation
- Stomach secretion, stomach motility
- Pancreatic juice secretion, gall bladder secretion
- Small intestine motility, large intestine motlilty
- Intestinal juice production
- Neural regulation*
- Extrinsic neural regulation
- Hyperpolarization
- sympathetic
- Post ganglionic
- Noradrenaline
- sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Pre ganglionic
- Hyperpolarization
- Intrinsic neural regulation
- Plexus myentericus
- Plexus submucosus
- GI secretion
- Peristalsis
- Mingling
- Local inhibition
- Absorption
- Intensity and frequency of contraction
3
Q
What should be included in the essay?
A
- Regulation of food intake
- Figure
- Hunger, satiety, appetite
- Hunger theories
- Regulating factors for the center for satiety
- Mediators decreasing and increasing food intake
- Regulatory signals
- Effects of GI-tract
- Neuro-hormonal regulation of the GI-tract
4
Q
Give the figure of the regulation of food intake
A
5
Q
Define hunger
A
- Lateral nucleus of hypothalamus
- Stimulation of the nuclei causes:
-
Gluttony (hyperphagia)
- Abnormally increased appetite
-
Gluttony (hyperphagia)
- Lesion of the nuclei causes:
-
Aphagia
- Loss of the ability to swallow
-
Aphagia
6
Q
Define satiety
A
- Ventromedial nucleus
- Lesion → hyperphagia
- Stimulation → aphagia
7
Q
Define appetite
A
- Amygdale and prefrontal cortex
- Hunger complex directing food selection
8
Q
What is the center for satiety regulated by
A
Factors from the outside- or inside environment
-
Outside factors:
- Densitry of the population
- Behavior of the animal (hierarchy)
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Period and daily rhythm of light
- Characteristics of fodder
-
Inner factors:
- Fullness of the stomach
- Hormones
- Different materials of intermediary metabolism
- Herbivores: catabolic products of cellulose
- Car: amino-acid balance
9
Q
Give the mediators decreasing food intake
A
- Acetylcholine
- Serotonin
- Cholecystokinin
- Glucagon
- Somatosin
- VIP
- Neurotensin
10
Q
Give the mediators increasing food intake
A
- Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY)
- Opioid peptides
- GABA
- Dopamine
11
Q
What is the regulatory factor?
A
-
Leptin
- Reduces feed uptake when enough reserved have been formed
12
Q
Give the nutritional regulatory signals
A
-
Glucostatic
- Increased glucose level → satiety
- Decreased glucose level → hunger
- Aminostatic
-
Volatile fatty acid effect
- Increased free volatile fatty acids in the blood → food intake is decreased or entirely terminates
13
Q
Give the effects of the GI tract
A
- Hormonal effects
- Gastric and intestinal filling
- Density of the population
- Hierarchy Hormonal effects on hunger
- Night-day cycle
- Temperature
- Estrogen
- Volemia
14
Q
Movement of the alimentary canal
A
- Passing
- Mixing
- Mincing
15
Q
Neuro-hormonal regulation of the GI-tract
- Under CNS control
- Under local regulation, but influenced by CNS
A
- The initial and terminal tract
- Stomach to rectum
