Topic 7 - Endocrine Flashcards Preview

Paramedic Capstone Subject - QUT > Topic 7 - Endocrine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Topic 7 - Endocrine Deck (22)
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1
Q

Hypoglycemia - Autonomic features

A
  • Diaphoresis
  • Hunger
  • Tingling in the mouth
  • Tremor
  • Tachycardia
  • Pallor
  • Palpitations
  • Anxiety
2
Q

Hypoglycemia - neurological features

A
  • Lethargy, behavioural changes, headache, visual disturbance, slurred speech, dizziness, ALOC, seizures, coma
  • NOTE - chronic poorly controlled diabetics may be relatively hypoglycemic despite having a BGL >4mmol/L
3
Q

Hyperglycemia - DKA characteristics

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Ketosis
  • Metabolic acidosis
4
Q

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome characteristics

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hyperosmolarity
  • Severe dehydration
5
Q

HHS versus DKA

A

HHS is caused by relative insulin deficiency whereby sufficient insulin is produced to limit ketone production. It is most commonly seen in older patients with type II diabetes,

6
Q

Hyper/poglycemia causes

A

6 I’s:

  • Ignorance
  • Infection
  • Ischemia (cardiac)
  • Infarct (cerebral)
  • Intoxication
  • Impantation
7
Q

Hyperglycemia management

A
  • 12-lead
  • IV access
  • IV fluids
  • O2

If hyperkalemia is indicated by ECG consider:

  • Calcium gluconate
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Salbutamol
8
Q

Glucagon (pharmacology)

A
  • Mobilizes hepatic glycogen and releases as glucose in systemic circulation
9
Q

Glucagon (Indications)

A
  • Symptomatic hypoglycemia (with inability to administer oral glucose)
10
Q

Glucagon (Contraindications)

A
  • KSAR or hyposensitivity to glucagon
11
Q

Glucagon (Precautions)

A
  • Nil
12
Q

Glucagon (Side effects)

A
  • None
13
Q

Glucagon (Onset and half-life)

A

Onset: 4-7 minutes

Half-life: 3-5 minutes

14
Q

Glucose gel (Indcations)

A
  • Symptomatic hypoglycemia
15
Q

Glucose Gel (Contraindications)

A
  • Unconcious
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Patients <2 years
16
Q

Glucose gel (Precautions)

A
  • Nil
17
Q

Glucose gel (Side effects)

A
  • Nausea and/or vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
18
Q

Glucose gel (Onset)

A
  • around 10 minutes
19
Q

Glucose 10% (Indications)

A
  • Symptomatic hypoglycemia with inabillity to administer oral glucose
20
Q

Glucose 10% (Contraindications)

A
  • Nil
21
Q

Glucose 10% (Precautions)

A
  • Tissu and vascular necrosis secondary to extravasation
22
Q

Glucose 10% (Side effects)

A
  • Nil