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Infectious Disease 3 > Travel Medicine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Travel Medicine Deck (21)
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1
Q

how long do you need to wait before flying with any of the following pre-exisiting health statuses:

  • CVD
  • Pulmonary Disease
  • Post operative
A

-2-3weeks for all is the recommended “wait” time before resuming travel. recommend frequent movement and walking throughout travel.

2
Q

Severe Anemia
Flying after diving
-how can these be affected by travel?

A

Anemia: travel may induce sickle cell disease (if dehydrated or at high altitude) or if hgb

3
Q

Prophylaxis of Motion sickness

A
  • Meclizine*
  • Promethazine (need Rx, aka fenegrin) (works after sx started)
  • Transdermal scopolamine (need rx)
4
Q

Sx of Altitude sicknees

A
  • HA and one or more of :
  • n/v
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • insomnia
5
Q

What is High Altitude Pulmonary Edema? Who gets this?
Sx
Tx

A
  • it is an altitude sickness
  • young physically fit males

Sx;

  • weakness
  • chest congestion
  • dyspnea
  • wheezing
  • cyanosis
  • tachycardia

Tx:
ACETAZOLAMIDE!!! mild diruetic which increases amount of excreted bicarb which in turn increases blood pH causing you to hyperventilate and increases O2 saturation.

6
Q

What is High Altitude Cerebral Edema?
Sx
Tx

A

An altitude sickness

Sx: hallucinations, focal neuro signs, seizures, stupor, coma

Tx: medical emergency, patients need high flow oxygen and PROMPT decent to lower altitude. Give Dexamethasone (Decadron) to reduce edema.

7
Q

How to treat stings and envenomizations from sea urchins and jelly fish?

A

-vinegar

8
Q

Sx of Sea Lice

Tx?

A

Sx: papulovesicular rash caused by larvae

Tx: shower, soak affected area in vineger

9
Q

Cholera

  • affects what region?
  • signs and symptoms
  • Tx
A

-Asia, Africa, Latin America

Signs: rice water diarrhea, vomitting, circulatory collapse, shock, may be asymptomatic. Fatal if untreated d/t metabolic derrangement

Tx:

  • rehydration
  • abx tx
10
Q

Hepatitis A and B are ____________.

A

everywhere.

11
Q

Typhoid

  • bug
  • sx
  • Tx
  • Transmission
  • prophylaxis
A

-salmonalla typhi

Sx:

  • High fever (103-104)***
  • Rose colored rash***
  • Abd pain
  • diarrhea
  • bradycardia
  • splenomegaly
  • HA

Tx:
-ampicillin, Bactrim, Ciprofloxocin

-oral fecal route

  • prophylaxis:
  • -Injectable inactivated vaccine (2 years)
  • -Oral Live virus (5 years)
12
Q

Yellow fever

  • bacteria or virus?
  • vector?
  • sx
  • tx
A
  • RNA virus inf Flaviviridae family
  • transmitted by mosquitoes

Sx:

  • asymptomatic to homorrhagic fever
  • sudden onset, fever, chills, HA, myalgias
  • pulse usually rapid until 2nd day when it becomes slow for the degree of fever (Fagets sign) *****
  • flush face with injected eyes

Tx: mainly supportive, treat bleeding with Calcium gluconate. prophylaxis against GI bleeding with proton pump inhibitor omeprazole or H2 blocker like pepsid

13
Q

Schistosomiasis

  • what type of infection?
  • signs and symptoms
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • parasitic infection caused by trematodes
  • dermatitis, katayama syndrome (malaise, fever, cough, hepatosplenomegaly), chronic infection can cause CNS disease, colon polyps, bloody diarrhea

Dx:
-thick stool smears showing eggs, eosinophila on blood smear, serologic testing- IFA available

Tx: Praziquantel-quinolone, oxaminiquine

14
Q

Fish Scombroid Poisoning

  • how do you get this>
  • sx
  • tx
A
  • poor fish preservation
  • flushing, tachycardia, n/v
  • supportive, antihistamine, epinephrine
15
Q

Shellfish poisoning

  • cause
  • sx
  • dx
A

caused by saxitoxin after algae blooms

sx: sensory numbness, dizziness, paresthesia, HA, pruritus

motor dysphagia, paralysis, paresis, dyspnea, diplopia

-dx: two sensory and two motor sx are found in pt with appropriate hx

16
Q

Insect protection

A

deet
permethrin
oil of citronella

17
Q

Drugs to prevent and treat travelers diarrhea

General treatment

A
  • pepto bismol
  • loperamide (imodium)
  • ciprofloxacin
  • azithromycin

General:
replace fluids

18
Q

Travelers diarrhea prodominantly causeed by virus bacteria or parasite?

A

-bacteria, e. coli

19
Q

What are the two forms of Rabies?

A
  • Furious/encaphalitic: agitation, hydrophobia, extreme irritabilty, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever
  • Paralytic: limb weakness, similar to guillian barre. Coma after one week of neuro sx and death within a few days after.
20
Q

Japanese Encephalitis

  • What bug causes this?
  • sx
  • vaccine or no?
A

-RNA virus

  • sx:
  • most asymptomatic
  • acute encephalitis: HA, fever, stiff neck, stupor
  • sever encephalitis: paralysis, sz, convulsions, coma, death

-vaccine

21
Q

TB

  • cause by what bacteria?
  • types of infection
  • how much of the world is infected with TB?
  • sx
  • vaccine or no?
A
  • Mycobacterium Tb
  • active or latent
  • 1/3 of the world is infected
  • cough, fever, night sweats, hemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain

-vaccine, BCG