What treaty redistributed Europe in 1815?
Congress of Vienna
What did the Congress of Vienna also do?
Ended the Napoleonic wars
Restored Italian Leaders
Who was at the Congress of Vienna?
The big 4 powers:
Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia
When was the Treaty of Milan?
1849
What was the Treaty of Milan for?
To end the 1st Italian War of Independence between Austria and Piedmont
What was Piedmont’s punishment for going to war with Austria (1st war of independence) and how did it impact Italy?
65 million francs of reparations
Restoration of leaders
What treaty was in 1856?
Congress of Paris
What was the purpose of the Congress of a Paris?
Treaty to end Crimean war involving France, Great Britain and Italy against Russia
Why did Italy join the Crimean war in 1855?
To gain allies
When was the Pact of Plombieres?
July 1858
Who was at the Plombieres meeting?
Napoleon 2nd and Cavour
For French help, what did Cavour do?
He accepted the unification of Italy into 4 blocks
What did Cavour agree to give to France in return for their help with the war against Austria? (Plombieres)
Nice and Savoy
How did the 2nd War of Independence against Austria begin and who helped?
Piedmont mobilised 20,000 troops on the Lombardy boarder to make Austria appear to be the aggressors of war
France helped by contributing the 20,000 troops
When was the Treaty if Villafranca/ Zurich?
1859
Why was there two treaties to the end the 2nd War of Independence?
Villafranca ended the war and Zurich agreed the terms
What happened at the meeting for the Treaty of Villafranca/ Zurich?
Napoleon sued for peace due
Italy not invited
Lombardy given to France by Austria
How did Italy become united with Lombardy?
After being given it by Austria at the Treaty of Villafranca/ Zurich 1859, France handed Lombardy to Italy
What happened on the 26th October 1860
Teano meeting
What was the Teano meeting?
After conquering the south, Garibaldi meets VEII in Teano and hands it to him
Why was VEII travelling towards the south in 1860?
Cavour send the King with an army to stop Garibaldi attempting to take Rome
When was the Treaty of Turin?
1860
What happened due to the Treaty of Turin?
Nice and Savoy were handed to France (even though they hadn’t annexed Venetia as promised) because France accepted Piedmont annexing the Grand Duchies
When was the Declaration of the Kingdom of Italy?
17th March 1861
Who was the first King of Italy?
Victor Emmanuel the 2nd
When did the period of Fractious Cohabitation start?
1861
What is Fractious Cohabitation?
Involving VEII and the Pope, it was the idea that they both held power in Italy but not happily together/ there was a bad relationship between the church and the state
What convention happened in 1864?
September Convention
What was the September Convention?
France agreed to leave Rome if the capital of Italy was moved to Florence (from Turin to stop Piedmont being too powerful)
However, the French return to Rome because Garibaldi attempts to annex Rome
When was the Brigands war?
1850-1865
Who was the Brigands war between and what was it caused by?
Between bandits and Piedmontese
Caused by conscription
When was the Biarritz Pact?
1865
What did the Biarritz pact involve?
Bismarck (Prussian political leader) met Napoleon II who promised neutrality in any future war
In 1866, what agreement was formed?
Berlin Agreement between Prussia and Italy
What were the terms of the Berlin Agreement?
Italy offered to open a second front against the Austrians
This was during the 7 week Austro-Prussian war and they did it in exchange for Venetia
What agreement was secretly made between France and Austria in June 1866?
Franco-Austrian Agreement
What were the terms of the Franco-Austrian agreement in June 1866?
Napoleon II sorts a secret alliance with Austria
Austria promised to give Venetia to Napoleon in return for French neutrality in war
What was the name of the treaty that ended the Austro-Prussian war?
Peace of Prague 1866
What happened in 1870?
The Pro Rome agreement
Wha happened in the Pro Rome Agreement?
Italy wrote to Spain and Austria to inform them that they were going to take Rome from the Pope and neither objected
When was the Treaty of Frankfurt?
1871
What did the Treaty of Frankfurt involve?
It ended the Franco-Prussian war (between France and Germany)
How did the Treaty Of Frankfurt 1871 affect Italy?
Italians attached Rome during the Franco-Prussian was because during this time the French had to withdraw its troops to deal with war