Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What are renal calculi

A

Stones that form within the renal tract

Most stones are made from calcium (radiopaque), but others are made from strucite and uric acid crystals

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2
Q

Conservative treatment of renal calculi

A

Prevent causes e.g. low calcium diet

Education about risk factors

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3
Q

Surgical treatment of renal calculi

A

Anterograde or retrograde removal of large stones or staghorn calculus
Extracorporeal shcok wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of larger stones (>0.5cm)

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4
Q

Radiological treatment of renal calculi

A

Nephrostomy insertion

Antegrade ureteric stent insertion

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5
Q

Medical treatment of renal calculi - what symptoms need to be treated

A
Pain
Dehydration
Nausea/vomiting
High calcium
High Oxalate
High uric acid
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6
Q
Medical treatment of renal calculi - treatment of each symptom:
Pain
Dehydration
Nausea/vomiting
High calcium
High Oxalate
High uric acid
A
Pain - analgesia and tamsulosin
Dehydration - IV and oral fluids
Nausea/vomiting - Antiemetics
High calcium - Low calcium diet and stop thiazide diuretics if possible
High Oxalate - low oxalate diet
High uric acid - allopurinol
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7
Q

Conservative treatment of UTI

A

Education about the condition and avoidance of predisposing risk factors

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8
Q

Medical treatment of UTI

A

Trimethoprim twice daily

Consider prophylactic antibiotics if UTI is recurrent

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9
Q

Treatment of recurrent UTI

A

Recurrent UTI = >4 UTIs per year

Seek to exclude anatomical variant or abnormally of the renal tract

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