Tricky Bits Flashcards

0
Q

What happens when phenyl amine is heated? And what temp does this happen at?

A

Decomposes, forming an alcohol + N2(g) + water

Above 10°C but use 60° industrially

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1
Q

What are the two ways of creating a bromo alkane using HBr (KBr+H2SO4) ?

A

From an alkene using HBr at room temp

From an alcohol using HBr warm/reflux

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2
Q

How do you get from a carboxyl to an amide? (2steps)

A
Heat with (NH4)2CO3
Then heat strongly with P4O10 (to remove H2O)
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3
Q

What happens when amides are hydrolysed? what are the reagents for this? What is the by product?

A

Carboxylic acid is formed. NaOH(aq) then acidify with HCl(aq)
NH3 is given off

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4
Q

How do you test for ammonia gas?

A

Damp red litmus paper will turn blue

Forms white smoke with conc HCl

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5
Q

Give an equation for ammonolysis

A

RCOOR1 –NH3 (conc) anhydrous–> RCONH2 + R1OH

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6
Q

How is a complex amide formed?

A

By reacting an amine with an acyl chloride to give mixed amide + HCl

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7
Q

When does oxidation not use Cr2O72-?

What is used instead?

A

When oxidising methyl benzene to a carboxylic acid
MnO4-/OH- Na2CO3
(Then acidify with HCl(aq)

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8
Q
When does reduction not use LiAlH4 in dry ether r.t anhydrous
Or NaBH4(aq) ?
A

When reducing nitrobenzene to phenylamine using Sn/HCl conc couple
Then NaOH to go from salt (NH4+Cl) to amine

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9
Q

How is pure dry phenylamine extracted from the impure aq form containing NaCl?

A

Steam distillation
Ether extraction
Distil under reduced pressure
Use lumps of drying agent if necessary

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10
Q

How is a carboxyl formed from a nitrile?

What is the by product?

A

Acid hydrolysis
HCl(aq) h/r

Forms carboxyl + NH4Cl

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11
Q

What four types of molecules hydrolyse to form carboxylic acids?
Using what reagents?

A
Nitriles HCl(aq) h/r
amides NaOH(aq)
 acyl chlorides water
 esters NaOH(aq) h/r
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