Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Tropical Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Tropical Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

Questions to ask returned traveller

A

Where have they been, when did they arrive and depart, onset of symptoms
Anyone else unwell they travelled with
Activities - Swimming/sex/animal contact/rural trip
Contaminated food/water/accomodation
Any precautions taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Findings on examination

A

Fever, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, insect bites, wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infection control for returned travellers

A

Infection control, PPE recommended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

A

E.ColiO157 or Amoebic colitis. Can also be campylobacter, salmonella, shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Profuse watery diarrhoea

A

Cholera, often associated with outbreaks in refugee caps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cruise ships

A

Norovirus and Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investigation of travellers diarrhoea

A

Stool culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for acute travellers diarrhoea

A

Supportive - Fluid rehydration (oral/IV)
Fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin) single dose may stop worsening - 3-day course is recommended
Due to antibiotic resistance in Asia, macrolide such as Azithromycin may be more useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Typhoid vs parathyphoid fever

A

Typhoid fever is casued by Salmonella typhi whereas parathyphoid fever is milder and caused by Salmonella paratyphi. They are both enteric fevers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common cause of enteric fever in travellers returning from Indian subcontinent

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vaccination in enteric fever

A

Protection against typhoid no protection against paratyphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Investigating jaundice and fever

A

Blood film for malaria antigen, red cell fragmentation, FBC, LFT, UE, coagulation, blood cultures, US abdomen, serological test for viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management and treatment of fever and jaundice

A

Supportive - Electrolyes, fluids, isolation, might need antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes amoebiasis

A

Entamoeba histolytica, faecal-oral spread

Associated with poor sanitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of amoebiasis

A

Amoebic dysentry - abdominal pain, fever, bloody diarrhoea, collitis, peritonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Investigating amoebiasis

A

Stool microscopy, may have cysts
AXR - Toxic megacolon
Endoscopy for biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complication of amoebiasis

A

Amoebic liver abscess

Manage with Metronidazole or TInidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes giardiasis

A

Giardia intestinalis - Flagellated protozoa

Invades duodenum and proximal jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of giardiasis

A

Watery, malodorous diarrhoea, bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramps, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

differentiate amoebiasis and giardiasis

A

Amoebiasis has bloody diarrhoea whereas giardiasis has watery, malodorous diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of giardiasis

A

Metronidazole or Tinidazole (5-day course)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Investigating giardiasis

A

Stool microscopy for cysts (often difficult)

Prefer PCR

23
Q

How are helminth infections often diagnosed

A

Adult worm passed or eggs in stool

24
Q

Most common parasitic infection

A

Ascariasis by intestinal nematodes (roundworms)

25
Q

Lifecycle of intestinal nematodes

A

Egg ingested, hatch in small intestine, invade gut wall into venous system. Travel via liver and heart to the lungs. These break into alveoli, ascend tracheobronchial tree then swallowed into gut to develop into adults and release eggs.

26
Q

Common termatodes (flukes) infection in SE asia

A

Liver flukes called Clonorchis or Fasciola

27
Q

How can termatodes cause portal hypertension

A

Adult worms located in portal venules which can lead to hepatomegaly, liver fibrosis and portal hypertension

28
Q

Common cause of tapeworm contamination

A

Uncooked/undercooked pork or beef

29
Q

What can cause cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium (flatworm) eggs, tissue cysts in muscle and brain often producing seizures

30
Q

What causes chagas disease

A

Trypanasoma cruzi a protozoan. Spread by the kissing bug triatome.

31
Q

Symptoms of chagas disease

A

Change over course of disease. Early stage may be asymptomatic or milk with fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches or local swelling at site of bite. Can cause enlargement of heart ventricles, heart failure, enlarged oesophagus or enlarged colon

32
Q

Risk factors for STI

A

<25 years old, non-condom user, multiple sexual partners, MSM, past history of STI

33
Q

A 38-year old man presents with a two day history of anal discharge and occasional bleeding. He also has a urethral discharge.
He has a regular male partner of 2 years with whom he has regular condomless anal sex (receptive and insertive).
He last had sex with another male partner 1 week ago. They had oral sex only.

A

Differential -
Inflammatory bowel disease
STI such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Lymphogranuloma venereum

34
Q

What causes lymphogranuloma venereum

A

The invasive serotype of Chlamydia trachomatis

Infection of lymphatics and lymph nodes

35
Q

What causes rectal gonorrhoea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Transmitted via direct contact of the mucosal surface

36
Q

Recent anal sex with symptoms of lower abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anal discharge, tenesmus, rectal bleeding, urethral/vaginal discharge, dysuria

A

Rectal gonorrhoea

37
Q

Chlamydia infection stages

A

Chlamydia has two developmental stages - elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB). EB is infectious form of Chlamydia. Contain a rigid outer membrane that bind to receptors on host cells. Intracellularly, they transform to RB where they undergo replication. This RB converts back to EB and is released through reverse endocytosis

38
Q

Why does Chlamydia resist intracellular killing

A

Elementary body (EB), infectious form of Chlamydia, have a rigid outer membrane that inhibits fusion of endosome and lysosome and resist intracellular killing

39
Q

Endoscopic examination of rectal gonorrhoea

A

Purulent discharge and inflamed mucous

40
Q

Treatment of rectal chlamydia

A

Azithromycin and doxycycline (better clearance at rectal site), STI testing, public health interventions

41
Q

Syphilis management

A

STI screening
Benzathene penicillin
Public health intervention
Follow-up serology

42
Q

What causes Syphilis

A

Troponema pallidum

43
Q

How can Syphilis be diagnosed

A

Via dark field microscopy

44
Q

Stages of Syphilis

A

Primary - Solitary painless ulcers around genitals, anus or mouth
Secondary - Diffuse rash involving palms of the hands, soles of feet and possibly in mouth or vagina
Latent - Few or no symptoms
Tertiary - Gummas, neurological or heart symptoms

45
Q

Common cause of HSV proctitis

A

Herpes Simplex Virus 2

46
Q

Symptoms of HSV

A

Ulcers, pain, painful defaecation, bleeding, mucus, viraemic symptoms

47
Q

Transmission of HSV and HPV

A

Ano-genital or oro-anal

48
Q

Symptoms of Human Papilloma Virus

A

Anal warts, anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer

49
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum is associated with

A 
MSM, often HIV+
Group sex
Drug use
Syphilis
Hepatitis C
50
Q

Clinical features of lymphogranuloma venereum

A

Primary (3-30 days) - Ulcers
Secondary (3-6/12) - Inguinal syndrome, ano-rectal syndrome
Tertiary - Strictures, fistulae, genital elephantiasis

51
Q

What is a test-of-cure

A

Repeat testing 3-4 weeks after completing therapy to detect therapeutic failure

52
Q

Who do we test for lymphogranuloma venereum

A

MSM with haemorrhagic proctitis
HIV+ MSM with positive rectal chlamydia
Failed chlamydia test of cure
Contact of lymphogranuloma venereum

53
Q

Person diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum should be also tested for

A

HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis C

54
Q

Why should STI testing be performed at all sexual sites

A

As STI often co-exist

GI (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions