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Flashcards in Tues Wk 6 Mixed Deck (16)
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1
Q

Nephroblastoma- contains embryonic __ structures
large, palpable unilateral mass w __/hematuria
LoF mutations in / tumor suppresor on chromo 11
WAGR complex: __ tumor, A__, __ malforms, mental __
due to WT1 _

Denys Drash has wilms tumor w early onset __ syndrome and male pseudohermaphorditism
WT1 __

BWS: wilms w M, O, H due to WT2 mutation

A
glomerular
flank pain
WT1/WT2
wilms, aniridia, GU, retard
deletion

nephrotic
mutation

macroglossia, organomegaly, hemihyperplasia

2
Q
\_\_ is tumor of AM in kids
originates from \_\_ cells
see ab distension w firm \_\_ mass
see \_\_ SYNDROME (dancing syndrome)
inc \_\_/\_\_ in urine
see HW \_\_ like medulloblastoma
inc expression of \_\_

look for __ in CYP activity
can be P/I/R metabolizer
Tamoxifen is metabolized by __

I/S are two drugs metabolized by acetylation

HS has __ coombs
inc osmotic fragility in __ lysis test due to dec SA/V ratio
comps include pigmented __ and aplastic crisis w P19

abnormal __ of sickled RBC to endothelium leads to pain crises/Avasc necrosis

A
neuroblastoma
NCC
irregular
opisthotnos-myoclonus
HVA/VMA
rosettes
nMYC

polymorphism
poor, intermediate, rapid
CYP2D

isoniazid/sulfonamides

NEGATIVE
acidifed glycerol
gallstones

adhesions

3
Q

Lyonization is maintained across __ resulting in cells that express Maternal/paternal X chromo
females can only develop XLR traits w ___
form __ w compact heterochromatin at nuclear periphery
some genes still __, thus abnormal number of x chromos leads to gene dosage effect

Topo prevents _ supercoiling by inducing neg coiling and ligating strands

__ uses specific antibodies, and adds radiolabeled/unlabeled antigen
plate is __ then measured
if no changes in radioactivity occurred, antigens have different __

pt must have __ to refuse tx

A

cell division
skewed x inactivation
barr body
active

positive

radioassay
washed
binding sites

decision making capacity

4
Q

__ dx due to AR inactivation of neutral AA transporter
__ is most important, precursor for niacin, serotonin, melatonin
sx are thus due to __ deficit w cerebellar ataxia
look for neutral __ to dx
tx w __ sups and high protein diet

babies at risk for __ syndrome inc w mom who has poor mental health, HepC infect, or no prenatal care
sx include H, J, D, V, feeding intolerance, S, S
tx w M/M and wean
pts on __ half lifes present sooner, while those w longer half lifes present later

use __ to tx TCA Overdose

janeway lesions composed of B/N/N

A
hartnup
tryptophan
niacin
aminoaciduria
niacin

neonatal abstinence
hyperreflexia, jittery, diarrhea, vomiting, shivering, sneezing
methadone/morphine
shorter

Na HCO3

bacteria, PMN, necrotic material

5
Q

presence of __ always indicates HBV infection

cardiac AP speed is SLOWEST in __
FASTEST in __
conduction speed of __ is faster than __ muscle

__ is major virulence factor for strep pyo
inhibits __ and complement
also cytotoxic for __ and mediates bacterial attaching
__ is also antiphagocytic in capsule, but is not immunogenic
__ lyses RBC/PMN
__ depolymerizes DNA in pus/PMN
__ converts plasminogen to plasmin for free movement

__ ROM in bursitis is painful, but passive is normal
think __ w excessive kneeling

think __ cyst w swelling of gastroc/semimembranosus bursa
due to extrusion of __ into joint in pt w joint dz

A

HBcAg

AV node
perkinje system
atrial, ventricular

protein m
phagocytosis
hyaluronidase
Streptolysin O
DNase
strptokinase

active
prepatellar bursitis

bakers/popliteal
synovial fluid

6
Q

other manifestations of sarcoid include anterior/posterior __ and lofgren syndrome
see pulm __ infiltrates
elevated serum __
this is __ independent prodxn of 125OHVD, thus hypercalciuria is present
pth is __

choroid plexus is __ cells of simple ciliated columnar epi
has __ to selectively limit material entering
goes from lat ventricle to 3rd via __
then to 4th ventricle via __
leaves via 2 _ and 1 __ and into arachnoid vili

communicating hydrocephalus is due to impaired __

RF for HBV in neonate is maternal __ and HBeAg
become immune __ w chronic infection bc t cells are lacking
tx w __ after delivery and Ig

tx rabies w prophylactic __ that has grown in culture and __ by beta propiolactone
also immune __
commonly transmitted by _

A
uveitis
reticular
ACE
PTH
low
ependymal
TJ
foramen of monro
cerebral aqueduct
foramena luschka, foramen of magendie

reabsorption

viral load
tolerant
vaccination

vaccination, inactivated
globulin
bats

7
Q

__ sits in groove of two actin filaments when muscle is at rest
troponin T binds __
troponin _ binds complex to actin
troponin C binds __

Calmodulin/myosin light chain kinase needed in __
when MLCK is __, Ca rises and contraction occurs

Lynch syndrome is inherited __
MLH1/MSH2 code for / MutS detects mismatch on __ strand
MutL then recruited to slide until DNA _ encountered
degraded __ past initial match point, w ssDNA stabilized by ssDNA protein
DNA polymerase _ loads and synthesizes new segment
__ flls in gaps

UV light damage repaired by __ repair
ionizing radiation is repaired by __

A

tropomyosin
tropomyosin
I
calcium

smooth muscle
phosphorylated

AD
MutS/MutL
daughter
nick
backwards
delta
ligase

NER
end joining

8
Q

Tx PVS w __

Klinefelter syndrome has hyalinization of __ w dec inhibin
_ cells are dysfxn, dec testosterone
LH/FSH are high, along w __ leading to gynecomastia
Pt does not have __

in __, sertoli cells damaged but leydig cells are normal

___ are produced by hypothalamus to act as chaperone for O/V
point mutation in __ impairs transport/packaging of ADH thus leading to AD HH DI

high __ leads to melanin synthesis

PV due to __ mutation in JAK2
makes hematopoetic cells more sensitive to __
EPO LEVELS ARE __

A

iron supplements

sertoli cells
leydig
aromatase
sperm

cryptorchidism

neurophysins
neurophysin 2
hereditary hypothalamic

MSH

V617F
growth factors
LOW

9
Q

Coag Neg Staph produce polysaccharide __ to adhere to prosthesis
confirmed when same __ is recovered from several blood culture bottles
most CoNS are __ due to mutated PBP
can switch to __ if methicillin sensitive
almost none are sensitive to _

Sporothrix is __ fungus that enters break of skin
spreads via __ to ulcerate w granuloma formation
tx w __

\_\_ is for elderly, US citizens
or \_\_ like ESRD/ALS
Part a for _, Part B for \_\_
Part c for _, part d for \_\_
\_\_ is state run for homeless/undoc, low income, pregnant
A
slime
organism
METHICILLIN RESISTANT
Nafcillin/oxacillin
penicillin

dimorphic
lymphatics
itraconazole

medicare
debilitating disease
inpatient, outpatient
capitation, pharmacy
medicaid
10
Q

blue neoplasm under skin is__ or melanoma
glomangioma is tumor of modified __
these glomus bodies are __ organs in dermis of nail/pad of finger/toe
composed of __ connected to muscular AV anastamosis and efferent vein
role is in __ to shunt away in cold temps or dilate w heat dissipation

_ is a tumor of cells in lymph drainage
occur __ in head, neck, axilla
endothelium lined __ space

__ is tumor of APC w erythematous plaques, nodules in skin

oxybutinin antags __ receptor in bladder smooth muscle
dec release of __ thus leads to relaxation
use __ blockers to induce relaxation of SM in bladder neck/prostate

A
globus
smooth muscle
sensory
affarent arteriole
thermoregulaion

lymphangioma
subepidermal
lymph

langerhans cell histiocytosis

M3
IP3/Ca
A1 blockers

11
Q
M1 receptor in brain for \_\_ formation and cognition
block leads to \_\_
M2 receptor in \_\_
leads to dec \_\_/\_\_
blocker inc _/_

urethral folds in female form __
in male, form __ of penis and penile raphe (ventral wall)
abnormal fusion thus leads to __

genital tubercle forms __ in males and _ in females
faulty opening leads to __ in males
labioscrotal folds form /

_ is motor/sensory to perineum
comes from S2-S4 bw / muscles of GSF
reenters near __ to innervate external genitals/anus
innervates PF muscles and _ urethral/anal sphincters
vulnerable to __ injury esp in labor
leads to __ and fecal/urinary incont, pain, sex probs

A
memory
confusion
heart
HR/contractility
heart rate/CO

ventral aspect
hypospadias

penis, glans clitoris
epispadias

scrotum, labia majora

pudendal nerve
piriformis/coccygeus
ischial spine
external
stretch
weakness
12
Q

__ occurs during fetal descent due to compression of lumbosacral trunk
presents w __

sudden onset back/radicular pain after epidural is __

primary hyperPTH due to Parathyroid __
leads to hypercalcemia and hyper__
hypo__ due to dec absorption in PT
subperiosteal thinning of __ bone in appendicular skeleton
see __ in phalanges w salt/pepper skull, w osteolytic cysts in __ (OFC)

lab values are -_ in PDB

A

lumbosacral plexopathy
foot drop/paresthesias

epidural hematoam

adenoma
calciuria
phosphate
cortical
erosions
long bones

normal

13
Q

initiation phase of ATN due to __ as renal tubular damage begins
maintanence phase has __ w fluid overload and hyperK met acidosis
GFR __ as creatinine rises
see tubular epithelial __ w casts of degenerating __
recovery due to __ of tubules
tubular cells recover __ resulting in polyuria w lost electrolytes (poor conc)
most recover __
if assc w multiorgan failure, foci of __ seen on micro

cardio pulm edema due to inc filtration of __ water/electrolytes
designated as __
exudative has plasma water/ions w / in inflammation

hemosiderin containing macros seen in alveoli of __

pt w history of __ can have CTS due to deposited B2 microglobulin

A
hypotension
oliguria
falls
denuding, debris
re-epithelialization
slower
completely
interstitial fibrosis

plasma
transudative
plasma proteins/leukocytes

chronic left heart failure

dialysis

14
Q

endoneural arteriole hyalinization occurs in __ w distal peripheral polyneuropathy

__ is abrupt stoppage of cardiac activity w CV collapse
usually due to __ in 48hrs after MI due to electrical instability/lack of perfusion

__ seq is upstream of initiation codon in prokaryotes to form initiation complex
energy provided to bind 50s subunit to complex comes from __
AG cause genetic code misreading and impaired __
fmet-tRNA binds to __

Vanc also causes __ but directly inhibs peptidoglycan synthesis

use __ + Pen/Vanc to tx enterococcal endocarditis

__ disrupts bacterial membrane to cause ion leakage and disrupted depolarization
SE is M/R

A

diabetes mellitus

sudden cardiac death
Vfib

shine delgarno seq
GTP
translocation
P site

ototoxicity

Aminoglycosides

daptomycin

myopathy, rhabdo

15
Q

Chronic venous insuff has overactive __ leading to inc permeability and ulceration

keloid due to excess __, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in disorg fashion
__ in hypertrophic scar

Hemostasis has vaso__ and platelet agg
Inflam phase of wond healing has / migration w removal of debris
Proliferative phase occurs until wk __
see __ of collagen and endothelial cells w __
wound __ occurs
maturation phase has __ formation w inc strength

A

inflammatory response

collagen
parallel

constriction
PMN/macro
3
granulation tissue, neovasc
contracture
connective tissue
16
Q

Selective ER modulators R/T
Tamoxifen has _ effect in breast
used for __ pos BC and to prevent estrogen dependent change
agonist in __ leading to hyperplasia

use Raloxifene for __ as it is antag of bone/uterus

SE include H, T
favorable effect on __

A

raloxifen, tamoxifen
antag
ER
endometrial tissues

osteoporosis

hot flashes, thrombosis
lipids