Tumor Markers, Signals, Onco, and Proto-Oncogenes Flashcards Preview

Hematology and Oncology > Tumor Markers, Signals, Onco, and Proto-Oncogenes > Flashcards

Flashcards in Tumor Markers, Signals, Onco, and Proto-Oncogenes Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is PSA? How is it used?

A

Prostate specific Antigen

Not used to make diagnosis, but as a response to therapy or suspicion of malignancy. DX cannot be established until biopsy is completed.

2
Q

What is CEA? How is it used?

A

Carcino-embryonic antigen. It’s non-specific, but used in colon and pancreatic cancer.

3
Q

What are the 2 tumor markers elevated in pancreatic cancer?

A

CEA and CA 19-9

4
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein is used as a marker in what malignancies?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma and testicular tumors

5
Q

When is CA-125 high? What are the associations?

A

Ovarian cancer, but anything irritating the peritoneal cavity can elevate it as well.

6
Q

S-100 is elevated in what pathologies?

A

Melanoma
Schwannoma
And other tumors of neural crest origin

7
Q

Metástasis to the bone, biliary disease, and Paget disease of the bone can elevate what marker?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

8
Q

What pathologies are seen with Psammoma Bodies?

A
  • Papillary thyroid cancer
  • Serous papillary cystadenoma of the ovary
  • Meningioma
  • Malignant mesothelioma
9
Q

What is being described: laminated concentric calcification spherules. What does that mean?

A

Psammoma bodies-

Concentric rings of calcium are layer down in sheets —> rings on a tree appearance.

10
Q

What tumor markers are seen in colon cancer?

A

CEA

11
Q

What are the 2 substances that can induce angiogenesis?

A

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

12
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Lynch Syndrome?

A

-Colorectal Cancer
-Endometrial Cancer
-Ovarian Cancer

13
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Familial Adenomatous Polyposis? (APC)

A

-Colorectal Cancer
-Desmoids & Osteomas
-Brain Tumors

14
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome (VHL)?

A

-Hemangioblastomas
-Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
-Pheochromocytoma

15
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (TP53)?

A

-Sarcomas
-Breast Cancer
-Brain Tumors
-Adrenocortical Carcinoma
-Leukemia

16
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1)?

A

-Parathyroid Adenomas
-Pituitary Adenomas
-Pancreatic Adenomas

17
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a (MEN2)?

A

-Medullary Thyroid Cancer
-Pheochromocytoma
-Parathyroid Hyperplasia (MEN2a)

18
Q

What are the associated neoplasms belonging to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b (MEN2b)?

A

-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
-Pheochromocytoma
-Mucosal Neuroma (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis)