Turning Off the Signal Flashcards

1
Q

In Situ

A

mRNA can be detected with a complimentary probe that has a florescent tag on it

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2
Q

In Situ Hybridization

A

-probe will bind or hybridize in a complementary fashion to the target mRNA molecule

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3
Q

Reverse Transcriptase

A

allows the reversal of transcription

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4
Q

DNA Microarray Techniques

A

made it possible to examine the expression of thousands of genes at once
-base pair interactions bind complementary strands of nucleic acids

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5
Q

Protein Stability

A
  • post-translation modifications such as cleavage, phosphorylation and methylation occur
  • modifications allow the cell to activate/inactivate specific proteins
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6
Q

SiRNAs

A

small interfering RNAs

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7
Q

mRNA Stability

A
  • to stop gene expression, mRNAs should be degraded

- a way to regulate mRNA stability is the length of the poly A tail

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8
Q

How mRNA is destabilized

A

SiRNAs are processed and associated with RISC complex

-induce cleavage of target mRNA which destabilizes the target mRNA

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9
Q

Selective Degradation

A

can limit the time a protein functions in a cell

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10
Q

Proteasomes

A

very large protein complexes that can break down peptide bonds resulting in them degrading unneeded or damaged proteins

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11
Q

How can proteasomes regulate the concentrations of specific proteins?

A

-by breaking long polypeptides into small amino acids

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12
Q

Tagging Method

A
  • tagging is used to identify proteins for degradation
  • tagging process is ATP dependent and is facilitated by ubiquitin activation conjugation to target substrate protein and ligation
  • results in a polyubiquitin chain which allows the proteasome to degrade the tagged protein
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13
Q

Ubiquitin Proteins

A

tag the target proteins

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