Unit 1 - Chapter 4 ATP and Energy Transfer Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 1 - Chapter 4 ATP and Energy Transfer Deck (44)
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1
Q

Respiration occurs in every

A

living cell

2
Q

Some cells need more ATP as they are more active such as

A

muscle cells

3
Q

ATP is a

A

short term transferable store of chemical energy

4
Q

ATP is required for most cell process such as

A

active transport, glycolysis and unzipping DNA

5
Q

ATP is synthesized or regenerated from

A

ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)

6
Q

There is a constant supply of ATP in a cell because

A

it is synthesized as fast as it is used.

7
Q

How many carbons in Glucose?

A

6

8
Q

In the cytoplasm Glycolysis breaks down a 6C glucose molecule into

A

two 3C pyruvic acid molecules

9
Q

How many carbons are there in pyruvic acid?

A

3

10
Q

How many ATPs are required to start Glycolysis?

A

2

11
Q

How many ATPs are produced in Glycolysis?

A

4

12
Q

What is the net gain of ATP molecules from Glycolysis?

A

2 ATP molecules

13
Q

Hydrogen is released during Glycolysis and reduces the co-enzyme

A

NAD to give NADH2

14
Q

Glycolysis does not require

A

oxygen

15
Q

Oxygen is required for

A

The Kreb’s Cycle and the Cytochrome system

16
Q

The Krebs cycle occurs in the

A

matrix of the mitochondrion

17
Q

In the Krebs Cycle 3C pyruvic acid is converted to

A

2C Acetyl Co A with waste CO2

18
Q

How many carbons is there in Acetyl Co A?

A

2

19
Q

The 2C Acetyl Co A combines with a

A

4C compound to make citric acid

20
Q

Citric Acid is how many carbons?

A

6

21
Q

Citric Acid is formed when what two substances join?

A

2C Acetyl Co A and a 4C compound join

22
Q

6C citric acid is converted into a

A

5C compound releasing CO2 again

23
Q

This 5C compound is then converted back into a

A

4C compound

24
Q

At each loss of carbon around the Krebs cycle, what are released?

A

CO2 and Hydrogen

25
Q

The hydrogen released reduces the co-enzyme

A

NAD to give NADH2

26
Q

The reduced co-enzyme NADH2 carries hydrogen to the

A

cytochrome system

27
Q

The cytochrome system is located on the

A

cristae of the mitochondrion

28
Q

The cristae are

A

folds of the inner membrane

29
Q

The cristae give a large surface area for the

A

cytochrome carrier molecules

30
Q

Active cells such as muscle cells have lots of

A

cristae on their many mitochondria

31
Q

Energy is released as electrons from

A

hydrogen

32
Q

The electrons released from hydrogen are passed from one carrier to the next in the

A

cytochrome system

33
Q

The released energy is used to synthesise

A

ATP from ADP + Pi

34
Q

The final hydrogen acceptor is

A

oxygen

35
Q

Hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce

A

Water which is released

36
Q

All chemical reactions in respiration are controlled by

A

enzymes

37
Q

If oxygen is not available after glycolysis then

A

anaerobic respiration takes place

38
Q

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and converts 3C pyruvic acid into

A

3C Latic Acid

39
Q

With Anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule how many ATP are produced?

A

2 ATPs per glucose molecule

40
Q

For one molecule of Glucose how many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?

A

38 ATP

41
Q

How many ATP are produced in Glycolysis?

A

4 ATP

42
Q

What is the net gain of ATP produced in Glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

43
Q

How many ATP are produced from 1 molecule of Pyruvic acid ?

A

18 ATP

44
Q

How many ATP are produced from both molecules of Pyruvic acid?

A

36 ATP