Unit 1 - Chapter 5 Sources of Energy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 1 - Chapter 5 Sources of Energy Deck (39)
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1
Q

Carbohydrates can be:

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharides
  3. Polysaccharides
2
Q

An example of a monosaccharide is

A

glucose

3
Q

An example of a disaccharide is

A

sucrose

4
Q

An example of a polysaccharide is

A

Glycogen

5
Q

Blood sugars which the carbohydrate

A

monosaccharide

6
Q

Blood sugars provide an immediate source of

A

energy for respiration

7
Q

If blood glucose levels fall they are topped up by the conversion of

A

muscle glycogen then liver glycogen to glucose

8
Q

In prolonged periods of exercise fatty acids from the break down of fat reserves become

A

the major energy source as the carbohydrates are depleted

9
Q

Amino acids cannot be stored in the

A

body

10
Q

Many amino acids which are not needed (surplus) are

A

broken down or deaminated

11
Q

When amino acids are broken down they give a

A

substrate for respiration and toxic urea

12
Q

Toxic urea is eliminated by the

A

kidney

13
Q

Protein from the muscles can be used as an energy source under extreme circumstances such as

A

starvation

14
Q

Lipids make an efficient energy store as fat contains

A

twice as much energy per gram compared to carbohydrate or protein

15
Q

The insulating properties of lipids are used to retain heat in an electrical

A

insulation film around nerve cells

16
Q

Steroid hormones are fat soluble and so are absorbed and transported in

A

lipids

17
Q

Steroid hormones are lipids such as

A

testosterone

18
Q

Fat pads beneath the skin protect the

A

tissues beneath the skin

19
Q

Fat pads are found in

A

feet and hands

20
Q

Benedicts reagent turns a brick red in the presence of

A

reducing sugar

21
Q

4 examples of reducing sugar are

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Maltose
  4. Lactose
22
Q

When sucrose fails to give a positive result with Benedicts reagent add a few drops of

A

Hydrochloric Acid

23
Q

Barfoed’s Test turns a brick red immediately in the presence of a

A

reducing monosaccharide sugar

24
Q

An example of a reducing monosaccharide sugar is

A

glucose and fructose

25
Q

Barfoed’s Test turns a sample a slight brick red after 10-15 minutes in the presence of a

A

disaccharide sugar such as maltose

26
Q

A clinistix test will produce a purple-blue colour in the presence of

A

glucose

27
Q

An iodine test will produce a blue black colour in the presence of

A

starch

28
Q

An iodine test will also produce a purple-red colour in the presence of

A

Glycogen

29
Q

Lipids contain the chemical elements

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

30
Q

Simple lipids are

A

fats and oils

31
Q

A simple lipids structure consists of a molecule of

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

32
Q

A phospholipid molecules contains two molecules of

A

fatty acid linked to one of glycerol which is linked to a phosphate

33
Q

The head of a phospholipid molecule is

A

hydrophilic (water Soluble)

34
Q

The Tail of a phospholipid is

A

hydrophobic (water insoluble)

35
Q

Fat is broken down into

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

36
Q

In respiration Glycerol is converted into

A

3 Carbon sugar and then into pyruvic acid.

37
Q

In respiration each molecule of fatty acid is broken down into

A

many molecules of acetyl co A

38
Q

What vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E and K

39
Q

In marathon running the order of energy used is

A

Glucose, Glycogen and Fat