Unit Four: Lower Extermity Flashcards Preview

Anatomy > Unit Four: Lower Extermity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Unit Four: Lower Extermity Deck (47)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the plexuses of the lower extremity?

A
  1. Lumbar. 2. Sacral.
2
Q

What two nerves branch off of the lumbar plexuses?

A
  1. Femoral. 2. Obturator.
3
Q

What rami contribute to the lumbar plexuses?

A

L1-L4.

4
Q

What rami contribute to the sacral plexuses?

A

L4-S5.

5
Q

What three nerves branch off of the sacral plexuses?

A
  1. Superior gluteal. 2. Inferior gluteal. 3. Sciatic nerve.
6
Q

What artery and nerve exits below the piriformis?

A

The inferior gluteal nerve and artery.

7
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

All of the adductors.

8
Q

What two muscles are innervated by the obturator and another nerve?

A
  1. Adductor magnus. 2. Pectineus.
9
Q

Where is the cutaneous innervation of the obturator nerve?

A

Medial thigh.

10
Q

What artery supplies the artery to the femoral head?

A

The obturator artery.

11
Q

What does the artery to the femoral head travel within?

A

The ligament of the femoral head.

12
Q

What are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior: Inguinal ligament. Laterally: Sartorius muscle. Medially: Adductor longus muscle.

13
Q

What travels within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery, vein, and nerve.

14
Q

What nerve roots contribute to the femoral nerve?

A

L2-L4.

15
Q

What innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

The femoral nerve.

16
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve?

A

Anterior thigh and medial leg.

17
Q

Where does the femoral artery become the popiteal artery?

A

At the popiteal artery.

18
Q

What does the femoral artery divide into at the inferior popiteal fossa? (2)

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

19
Q

What does the femoral artery branch off to in the femoral trangle?

A

The deep femoral artery.

20
Q

What two arteries branch off of the deep femoral artery?

A
  1. Medial circumflex artery. 2. Lateral circumflex artery.
21
Q

What nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3.

22
Q

What nerve branches does the sciatic nerve provide innervation for? (2)

A
  1. Tibial division. 2. Common Fibular division.
23
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

The great and small saphenous veins.

24
Q

What results in one side of the hip (opposite the planted foot) dropping while walking?

A

The opposite gluteus medius not contracting.

25
Q

Does the fibula articulate with the knee joint?

A

No.

26
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to? (2)

A

The lateral femoral condyle and the anterior tibial plateau.

27
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to? (2)

A

The medial femoral condyle and the posterior tibial plateau.

28
Q

What does the cruciate ligaments do? (2)

A
  1. Provide rotational stability. 2. Prevent anterior and posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
29
Q

What kind of force does the medial collateral ligament prevent?

A

Valgus force.

30
Q

What kind of force does the lateral collateral ligament prevent?

A

Varus force.

31
Q

What is a valgus force?

A

A force pushing medially toward the knee joint. Would cause the knees to knock together.

32
Q

What does the ACL do during movement? What does the PCL do?

A
  1. Prevent anterior translation of the tibia. 2. Prevent posterior translation of the tibia.
33
Q

Where is the cuboid?

A

On the lateral side of the foot.

34
Q

Where is the navicular located in respect to other tarsals? (2)

A
  1. On the medial side of the foot posterior to the medial and intermediate cuneiform. 2. Medial to the Cuboid.
35
Q

Where is the calcaneus?

A

The “heel bone.” It is the most posterior foot bone.

36
Q

Where is the talus?

A

Anterior to the calcaneus. Posterior to the navicular.

37
Q

What motion is associated with the sarcoiliac (SI) joint?

A

Gliding.

38
Q

What motion is associated with the coxal (hip) joint? (4)

A
  1. Flexion/extension. 2. Circumduction. 3. Abduction/Adduction. 4. Medial/lateral rotation.
39
Q

What motion is associated with the patellofemoral joint?

A

Gliding.

40
Q

What motion is associated with the talocrural (ankle) joint?

A

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion.

41
Q

What motion is associated with the intertarsal joint? (2)

A
  1. Gliding. 2. Inversion/eversion.
42
Q

What motion is associated with the tarsometatarsal joint?

A

Gliding.

43
Q

What motion is associated with the interphalangeal joint? What kind of joint is it?

A

Flexion/extension. It is a hinge joint.

44
Q

What motion is associated with the metatarsal proximal phalanx (condyloid/ellipsoid) joint? (3)

A
  1. Flexion/extension. 2. Abduction/adduction. 3. Circumduction (toe 1).
45
Q

What joint bears the weight in the ankle?

A

The tibiotalar joint.

46
Q

What is a meniscus? What does it do? (2)

A

It is a C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between your shinbone and thighbone. It also deepens the articular surface.

47
Q

How can a meniscus be injured?

A

By suddenly twisting your ankle while bearing weight on it.