upper gi microbiology

Question 1

What is the most common bacterial cause of cavities?

Answer 1

Strep mutans - gram (+) bacteria

Question 2

Describe the pathogens that cause periodontis

Answer 2

Red group pathogens
keystone
gram (-) anerobes
Treponema denticola
Tannerela forythia
porphyromomas gingivalis
Aggregatoribactor actinomycetemcomitans

Question 3

How would you treat thrush?

Answer 3

1. clotrimazole/nystatin mouthwash
2. fluconazole
3. IV Amphotericin

Question 4

What are the symptoms of Ludwig’s angina?

Answer 4

breathing/swallowing problems
AMS
fever
neck pain/swelling/redness

Question 5

Name as many virulence factors as you dare for Heliobacter pylori

Answer 5

catalase oxidase urease (+)
VacA - pore forming cytotoxin
CagA: T4SS injection of inflammatory stuff
adhesions
immuno-evasion with ROS and NOS
motility/chemotaxis - flagellate to low pH area

Question 6

How does H. pylori cause disease?

Answer 6

1. Elicit an immune response

2. Produce toxins

Question 7

Describe the mechanism by which h. pylori causes disease

Answer 7

microbe attracts inflammatory cells
inflammatory cells can’t kill microbe
repeated inflammation causes damage

Question 8

How can you distinguish gastritis from a gastric ulcer?

Answer 8

Gastric ulcers are worse on empty stomach, transient and cause night flares. Both have burning/aching, fullness of upper abdomen

Question 9

How do you treat gastric ulcers, yo?

Answer 9

Triple therapy - 2 ab (clarithomycin + Amox) and PPI

Question 10

Most common cancer caused by H. pylori

Answer 10

Gastric carcinoma - 65-80% of cases are caused by it

Question 11

Describe why MALT B-cell lymphoma is a cancer that can be treated with antiobiotics

Answer 11

Antibiotics can arrest the long term inflammation that initially caused the cancer.

Question 12

How would you treat serious peridontitis?

Answer 12

soft tissue/bone grafts

surgery