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Flashcards in Urinary Histology Deck (51)
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1
Q

What doe the excretory passages of the kidneys include

A
  1. Minor calyces
  2. Major calyces
  3. Renal pelvis
  4. Two ureters
  5. Urinary bladder
  6. Urethra
2
Q

Kidneys are paired ______ organs

A

Retroperitoneal

3
Q

Kidneys are derived from what 2 embryonic sources

A
  1. Ureteric buds (collecting)

2. Metanephric blastema (excretory)

4
Q

Name 6 functions of the kidneys

A
  1. Regulation of electrolyte balance
  2. Regulation of acid/base concentration
  3. Regain production (BP regulation)
  4. Erythropoietin production
  5. Removal of metabolic waste
  6. Maintenance of H20
5
Q

Internal structure of the kidneys is divided into two regions

A
  1. Cortical region

2. Inner medullary region

6
Q

Region where 1-2 million nephrons are located

A

Cortical region

7
Q

Location of the collecting tubules & papillae

A

Inner zone of the inner medullary region

8
Q

Location of the base loops of Henle which extend from the cortical region

A

Outer zone of inner medullary region

9
Q

Each kidney contains a medial ____ region where blood vessels & ureter are found

A

Hilar

10
Q

Proximal end of the ureter, the _____ is found within a fat-filled ______

A

Renal pelvis

Renal sinus

11
Q

Renal pelvis serves as a convergent point for roughly ______

A

3 major calyces

12
Q

Each major calyx is emptied into by roughly

A

3 minor calyces

13
Q

The minor calyces arch around the ________ which are the apical ends of the

A

Renal papillae

Medullary pyramids

14
Q

What are the collecting ducts called in the renal papillae

A

Ducts of Bellini

15
Q

Extensions of the collecting ducts & tubules penetrate the cortex called

A

Medullary rays

16
Q

Renal pyramid & the overlying cortex form the

A

Renal lobe

17
Q

What epithelium lines the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, & bladder

A

Transitional epithelium (uroe-epithelium)

18
Q

The renal papilla is lined with

A

Simple columnar epithelium

19
Q

Each nephron consists of a

A

Renal corpuscle

20
Q

Each renal corpuscle consists of a double layered epithelial cup called

A

Bowmans (glomerular) capsule

21
Q

What encloses a tuft of capillaries & mesangial cells

A

Bowman’s glomerular capsule

22
Q

The outer parietal layer of the bowman’s capsule is lined with

A

Simple squamous epithelium

23
Q

Inner (visceral) layer of the Bowman’s capsule consists of

A

Podocytes

24
Q

Primary process of the podocyte is called

A

Pedicels

25
Q

Interdigitate around the capillaries of the glomerulus

A

Pedicels

26
Q

The diaphragm separates the space between the 2 capsular layers called the _______ from the blood in the capillaries

A

Bowman’s urinary space

27
Q

______ which drains filtrate away from a renal corpuscle & forms the ______

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Urinary pole

28
Q

Urinary pole is lined with _______ that has a ________

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Brush border of microvilli

29
Q

Descends into the medulla, makes a hairpin turn, & returns to the cortex

A

Loop of Henle

30
Q

Length & composition of the loop Henle depends on whether its is a ______ or ______

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

Cortical nephron

31
Q

______ have long loops of Henle that maintain the hypertonicity of the medulla making hypertonic urine

A

Juxtamedullar nephrons

32
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron: descending thick segment lined with

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

33
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron: descending thin segment is line with

A

Simple squamous epithelium

34
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron: ascending thin segment is also lined with

A

Simple squamous epithelium

35
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron: ascending thick segment is lined with

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

Distal convoluted tubule is lined by

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium (NO BRUSH BORDER)

37
Q

Modified region of tubule cells in the distal convoluted tubule called

A

Macula densa (forms part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus)

38
Q

what are the 3 structures that are included in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A
  1. macula densa (H20)
  2. juxtaglomerular cells (secrete the hormone renin: angiotensin I to angiotensin II)
  3. extraglamerular mesangial cells
39
Q

collecting tubules are usually lined with ______, larger ducts are lined with ______

A

cuboidal epithelium

columnar epithelium

40
Q

interlobar arteries and veins come from

A

renal artery and vein

41
Q

“arch” across the boundary between cortex and medulla

A

arcuate arteries and veins

42
Q

ascend from the arcuate vessels and pass u the cortex perpendicular to the surface of the kidney

A

interlobular arteries and veins

43
Q

each glomerulus receives its blood from one afferent arteriole. the afferent arterioles arise from interlobular arteries

A

afferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries

44
Q

blood leaves the glomerulus through a short and inconspicuous _____ and enters

A

efferent arteriole

peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

45
Q

peritubular capillaries eventually drain blood to the

A

interlobular veins

46
Q

bundles of thin vessels which carry blood into and out of the medulla from the efferent arteriole

A

vasa recta

47
Q

vasa recta eventually return blood to

A

arcuate veins

48
Q

ureter typically has the muscularis layer having a longitudinal orientation and a folded lumen with a _____ appearance

A

stellate appearance

49
Q

female urethra is lined with _______ throughout the extent then at the opening into the vulva, lined with ______

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

50
Q

membranous/penile urethra in lined with

A

pseudostratified columnar epith

51
Q

navicular fossa lined with

A

stratified squamous epith