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Flashcards in Vaccines Deck (19)
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1
Q

List the ways of defence

A
  • General
  • Specific
  • Eradication
2
Q

General defence

A

Surveillance + control

  • Monitoring of virus activity
  • Morbidity + mortality data
  • Case + outbreak investigations
  • Quarantines, restrictions, stamping out

Animal hygiene

  • Feeding + keeping conditions
3
Q

Specific defence

A

In the host organism

  • Antiviral drugs
  • Interferons
  • Immune sera
  • Vaccines

In the environment

  • Disinfectants
4
Q

Give the fields of resistance of viruses to environmental conditions

A
  • Dehydration
    • Enveloped virus
  • High temperature
    • Protein denaturation
  • Radiation
    • Damage to NA
  • Ionic environment
5
Q

Give examples of disinfectants

A
  • Acids + bases
  • Oxidants
  • Halogenids
6
Q

Give examples of inactivating agents

A
  • Formaldehyde
  • NA denaturants
7
Q

Give the effects of antiviral medicaments

A
  • Inhibition of virus replication
  • The decrease of virus shedding
  • The localisation of the infections
    • Infection remains however
8
Q

Give the problems of antiviral medicaments

A
  • High viral mutation ratio - Resistance
  • Close contact between virus + cell activity
    • Effective drugs not often toxic for the cells
      • Specific agents needed
9
Q

Nucleoside Analogues are divided into…

A
  • First generation nucleoside analogues
  • Second generation nucleoside analogues
10
Q

First generation nucleoside analogues

A
  • Incorporated into the NA
  • Toxic
  • Topical ointments against herpes
  • Ribavirin
  • E.g IDU, TFT
11
Q

Second generation nucleoside analogues

A
  • Activated by virus-specific enzymes
  • More selective to viral polymerase than cellular
  • Acyclovir
    • Selective to viral polymerase
    • Chain termination
  • Zidovudine
    • Reverse transcriptase inhibitor
    • Chain termination
    • retroviruses
12
Q

Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors

A
  • Indirectly inactivates RT
  • Active against HIV-1
  • Used in combination therapies
13
Q

Protease inhibitors

A
  • Inhibits retroviral protease
  • Fits into the active centre of the enzyme
  • The cleavage of the precursor polyprotein is inhibited
  • Effective against HIV
14
Q

Favipiravir

A

RdRp inhibitor

  • Lethal mutations
  • Broad spectrum
15
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors

A

Used against influenza:

  • Oseltamivir
  • Zanamivir
16
Q

Methisazone

A
  • Viral polymerase inhibitor
  • Against pox-infections
17
Q

Amantadine, rimantadine

A
  • Used against influenza
    • Ion channel inhibitor
    • Uncoating is defected
18
Q

Interferons, interferon inducers

A
  • High efficiency
  • Non-antigen specific
  • Short effect
  • Parenteral administration
19
Q

Immune sera + purified immunoglobulins

A
  • Passive immunisation
  • Short-term protection
  • A danger of serum-sickness/anaphylaxis
  • High cost
  • Mainly in pet practice
    • Canine distemper + Parvovirus