Valvular Heart Disease & HTN Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Valvular Heart Disease & HTN Deck (14)
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1
Q

Describe the microscopic appearance of the myofibers in the setting of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.

A
  • Enlargement of myocytes
  • No additional myocytes created
  • you do get more sarcomeres, myofibrils
2
Q

Name the most common form of hypertension

A

Essential HTN

- idiopathic

3
Q

What are the effects of chronic hypertension on the appearance and function of the heart?

A

Hypertrophy and/or dilation of the heart

4
Q

Define cor pulmonale

A

Right heart failure

5
Q

Give examples of underlying causes (excluding left heart failure) of cor pulmonale

A
  • Pulmonary parenchyma disease (emphysema, institial lung disease, bronchiectasis)
  • Pulmonary Vessel Disease (PE, 1ary pulm HTN, sleep apnea)
  • Chest movement alterations (kyphoscoliosis, obesity, neuromuscular)
6
Q

Discuss the incidence and long term implications of a bicuspid aortic value.

A

1 in 50-100 people

Asymptomatic until later in life with accelerated wear and tear

  • Reduced outflow => ventricular hypertrophy
  • Increased turbulence => valve thickening & stenosis (BIGGEST problem)
7
Q

Identify the most common causes of aortic stenosis in (a) patient 70 years old.

A

a)

b)

8
Q

Describe the key features of rheumatic heart disease with respect to the valve leaflets, chordae tendinae, and the effects on the functionality of the valve.

A

VL: fibrosis, fusion, calcification

CT: fibrosis, fusion, shortening

Leads to stenosis and regurgitation

9
Q

List several complications of rheumatic heart disease.

A
  • Valves can’t open or close (stenosis, regurg)
  • Can progress to HF
  • Susceptible to infective endocarditis
10
Q

Name the most commonly affected valves in rheumatic heart disease.

A

Mitral (65-75%)

Aortic, usually with MV (25%)

11
Q

Distinguish the two major classes of cardiac valve vegetations and their causes.

A

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis:

  • thrombus formation in valve
  • No organism involved
  • Causes: RHD, SLE, hypercoag state

Infectious endocarditis:

  • 1ary infection of normal/damaged valve
  • Causes: bacteria (skin, oral, GI), fungi, viruses
12
Q

List examples of the bacteria commonly associated with infectious endocarditis

A
  • S. aureus

- Strep. viridans

13
Q

Describe the propensity of bacteria commonly associated with infectious endocarditis to infect normal versus abnormal valves and how the bacteria may gain access to the valves.

A

a

14
Q

List possible complications of cardiac valve vegetations.

A

a