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Flashcards in vascular diseases Deck (19)
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1
Q

What is normal abdominal aortic diameter?

A

1.5-2.5 cm; more than twice this size is considered aneurysmal

2
Q

What are some risk factors for AAA?

A

smoking, family hx, age >55, HTN, atherosclerosis

3
Q

Who needs AAA screening?

A

one time screening in men 65-75 with a hx of smoking

4
Q

What is the tx for AAA?

A

If >5.5 cm or that expands more than 0.5 cm in 6 months in diameter or symptomatic, need surgery
If

5
Q

What are the two classifications of aortic dissection?

A

stanford A: aortic dissection of the ascending aorta

stanford B is distal to the left subclavian

6
Q

What are risk factors for aortic dissection?

A

HTN, trauma, coarctation of the aorta, syphilis, Ehlers Danlos, Marfan

7
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of aortic dissection?

A

acute, ripping chest pain, syncope, decr. peripheral pulses, normal or incr BP

8
Q

How is dx of aortic dissection made?

A

-wide mediastinum on CXR

CT with contrast, echo, MRI, MRA or angiograph for definitive dx

9
Q

How are aortic dissections treated?

A

stanford A: emergency surger
stanford B: medically unless rupture or occlusion
first stabilize BP if unstable

10
Q

what are complications of aortic dissection?

A

MI, renal insufficiency, ischemic colitis, stroke, paraplegia

11
Q

What are the lab findings in PAD? What other tests are useful?

A

ABI index. if

12
Q

what are medical treatments for PAD?

A

ASA, pentoxifylline, cilostazol to slow occlusion

percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or bypass grafting possible for severe disease

13
Q

What is the treatment for DVT?

A

leg elevation, lovenox, warfarin for long termmanagement , IVC filter inpts with contraindication to anticoagulation

14
Q

polyarteritis nodosa: what vessels/organs affected, risk factors

A

inflammation of small or medium arteries causes ischemia affects kidneys, heart GI tract, muscles, nerves, joints, leading to fever, hematuria, anemia, neuropathy, weight loss, ulcers.. risk factors: hep B or C, young and male. often many aneurysms on radiology.

15
Q

How is temporal arteritis treated?

A

prednison 1-2 mo followed by taper; low dose ASA, vitamin D and Ca supplementation to decr risk of osteoporosis

16
Q

Takayasu arteritis: definition, presentation

A

inflammation of aorta that can cause stroke and MI. may present with malaise, vertigo, syncope, fever, decr. carotid and limb pulses.

17
Q

takayasu arteritis dx

A

CT or MRI, biopsy that shows giant cells, fibrosis in affected vessels. tx: steroids, immunosuppression, bypass graft

18
Q

allergic granulomatosis with angitis

A

aka churg-strauss
-small and medium rteris
hx of asthmatic sx, fatigue, mononeuropathy , erythematous or papular rash with incr eosinophils, incr. ESR, incr p-ANCA

19
Q

What is henoch-schonlein purpura?

A

IgA immune complex mediated; often have hx of URI, polyarticular arthritis, fever, palpable purpura, abd pain,