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Neuroanatomy Lecture > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the vestibular system?

A

it reflexively controls the eye and body position in response to change in head position

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2
Q

What do vestibular nuclei send information to?

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus and vestibulospinal tract

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3
Q

Where does the medial longitudinal fasciculus send the information that it received from the vestibular nuclei to?

A

the motor nuclei of III, IV, and VI

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4
Q

Where does the vestibulospinal tract send the information that it recieved from the vestibular nuclei to?

A

the skeletal muscles associated with eye and body position

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5
Q

What type of neuron is the vestibular neuron?

A

a bipolar sensory neuron

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6
Q

Where is the vestibular organ located?

A

in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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7
Q

What are the two labryinths associated with the vestibular organ?

A

membranous and osseous

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8
Q

What is the osseous labyrinth filled with?

A

perilymph

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9
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

endolymph

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10
Q

Where is endolymph produced?

A

in the cochlea

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11
Q

What are the structural units of the vestibular organ?

A

three semicircular ducts, utricles, and saccules

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12
Q

What are the sensory receptors for the utricle and saccule?

A

the macula

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13
Q

What is the sensory receptor associated with the ampulla?

A

the crista ampullaris

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14
Q

What are the names of the semicircular ducts?

A

lateral, posterior, and anterior

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15
Q

What sensory structures are located in the sensory cells of the crista ampullaris?

A

one kinocilium and multible stereocilia

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16
Q

What do the supporting cells of the crista ampullaris produce?

A

cupula - gelatinous substance

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17
Q

Where is the cupula located?

A

it is attached to the roof of the ampulla

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18
Q

What does the cupula cover?

A

it encapsulates the stereocilia

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19
Q

Where is the macula located?

A

in the utricle and the saccule

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20
Q

What do the supporting cells of the macula produce?

A

statoconial membrane

21
Q

What is the statoconial membrane made up of?

A

gelatinous substance and statoconia (Ca carbonate crystals)

22
Q

What is the function of the sensory cells in the vestibular system?

A

they generate spontaneous firing of vestibular axons

23
Q

What does the firing rate of vestibular axons reflect?

A

the deflection of stereocilia

24
Q

If the stereocilia move towards the kinocilium what happens to the firing rate?

A

it increases (depolarization)

25
Q

If the stereocilia move away from the kinocilium what happens to the firing rate?

A

it decreases (hyperpolarization)

26
Q

What moves the sterocilia in the semicircular duct and crista ampullaris?

A

the endolymph moves due to a turning motion of the head which pushes the cupula to move the sterocilia

27
Q

In the semicircular duct and crista ampullaris, what does the firing rate reflect?

A

the direction of angular motion

28
Q

In the utriccle/saccule and ampulla, what does the firing rate reflect?

A

the direction of linear motion and head tilt

29
Q

What occurs to the statoconial membrane during linear movement?

A

the statoconial membrane lags behind the linear motion or displaces towards the tilted side by the force of gravity

30
Q

What semicircular duct detects angular motion in the horizontal plane?

A

the lateral duct

31
Q

What semicircular duct detects angular motion in the vertical plane?

A

the anterior and posterior ducts

32
Q

If the head turns counter clockwise on the horizontal plane, what is the firing rate like on the left and the right side?

A

the firing rate is increased on the left side and decreased on the right side

33
Q

If the head turns clockwise on the horizontal plane, what is the firing rate like on the left and the right side?

A

the firing rate is increased on the right side and decreased on the left side

34
Q

Where do the vestibulospinal tracts run?

A

in the ventral funiculus

35
Q

Where do the vestibulospinal tracts terminate?

A

in the motor nucleus of the accessory nerve and the spinal motor neurons

36
Q

How many vestibulospinal tracts are there?

A

4: there are both medial and lateral tracts on both sides

37
Q

What muscles does the vestibulospinal reflex work with?

A

the extensor muscles

38
Q

What semicircular canals are associated with the vestibulospinal reflex?

A

anterior and posterior

39
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal reflex?

A

to maintain posture

40
Q

In the vestibulospinal reflex, if the head rotates to the left, what happens to the firing rate on the left and right side?

A

the firing rate increases on the left side and slows down on the right

41
Q

In the vestibulospinal reflex, if the head rotates to the right what happens to the firing rate on the left and right side?

A

the firing rate slows down on the left side and increases on the right

42
Q

What is the purpose of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

to change eye position in response to change in head position

43
Q

What does rotation of the head trigger in the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

physiological nystagmus

44
Q

What is physiological nystagmus?

A

a combination of slow and quick eye movements in response to continued head rotation

45
Q

What occurs during the quick phase of nystagmus?

A

eyes turn quickly towards the direction of the head turn

46
Q

What occurs during the slow phase of nystagmus?

A

eyes turn slowly away from the direction of the head turn

47
Q

A cat presents with abnormal right nystagmus, what side is the lesion/head tilt on?

A

the left side

48
Q

What structures are associated with the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

vestibular receptors, vestibular nerve, vestibular nuclei, medial longitudinal fasciculus, motor nuclei of CN III, IV, and VI, the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum, and the reticular formation

Neuroanatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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