Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > VIral Hepatitis > Flashcards

VIral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Types of hepatitis viruses

A

Hepatitis A,B,C,D and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most prevalent hepatitis virus in the past

A

Hepatitis A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hepatitis A transmission

A

Faecal-oral spread

Poor hygiene, overcrowding, clusters such as gay men and PWID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigating hepatitis virus

A

Clotted blood for serology

Virus-specific Ig such as Hepatitis A IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Control of Hepatitis A

A

Hygiene, prophylactic vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common hepatitis virus in the UK

A

Hepatitis E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is hepatitis E commonly acquired in the UK

A

Zoonoses, often from pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What virus is often found with Hepatitis B and exacerbates Hepatitis B infection

A

Hepatitis D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis B

A

Sex - Multiple sexual partners
Mother to child - Infected mother
Blood - PWID
Born in areas of high prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Investigating Hepatitis B

A

Blood test for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Durationg of Hepatitis B antigen in blood for chronic infection

A

More than 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a more sensitive predictor of prognosis and infectivity than HBeAg

A

Hepatitis B viral DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Controlling Hepatitis B

A

Minimise exposure, safe sex, needle exchange, screening of pregnant women
Pre-exposure vaccination
Post exposure prophylaxis: vaccine and HBIG (hyperimmune Hep B immunoglobulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hepatitis C transmission

A 
Same as hepatitis B, 
Sex - Multiple sexual parteners
Bloods - PWID
Mother to child - Infected mother
Born in areas of high prevalence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What defines chronic infection

A

6 months or longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Resolution in hep B vs C

A

Spontaneous cure not uncommon in Hepatitis B

Spontaneous cure not seen in Hepatitis C

17
Q

Hep B infection in adults vs kids

A

Children infected at birth with Hep B are more likely to progress similarly to Hep C with chronic infection, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and cancer leading to death
Adults develop acute hepatitis which resolves

18
Q

Follow up for positive Hep C antibody test

A

Test for Hep C viral RNA by PCR
Positive - Active infection
Negative - Past infection

19
Q

Management of acute viral hepatitis

A

No antiviral given. Monitor for resolution
Notify public health
Immunise contacts and test for other infections
Vaccinate for other infections if at risk

20
Q

Most common chronic viral hepatitis cause

A

Hepatitis C

21
Q

Management of chronic viral hepatitis

A

Antivirals - Genotype of hepatitis virus important in deciding antiviral regime
Vaccinate - Against other hepatitis virus
If cirrhotic, vaccinate influenza and pneumococcal
Infection control
Decrease alcohol
Screen for hepatocellular carcinoma

22
Q

Who to treat

A

Chronic infection -
HCV RNA present and genotype known
HBsAg and Hep B DNA present
Risk of complications - Evidence of inflammation
Fit for treatment - Liver cancer is contraindication, stabilise HIV first if both present

23
Q

What does higher chronic HBV patients starting HBV DNA load indicate

A

Higher risk of cancer on follow up

24
Q

What prioritized a patient for Hep B treatment

A

Raised inflammatory marker with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis

25
Q

What are interferon-alpha being used lesser for hepatitis infections

A

Due to many side effects such as minor flu-like symptoms to major such as thyroid disease, autoimmune diseases and psychosis

26
Q

What are peginterferons

A

Pegylated interferon is an injection of a class of medication that includes three different types of interferons.

27
Q

Side effect of Ribavarin

A

Antiviral - Anaemia

28
Q

Therapy for chronic hepatitis B

A

Option 1 -
Suppresive antiviral drugs such as Entecavir, Tenofovir
Safer and increasing range available but,
Suppression not cure, resistance might develop
Option 2 -
Peginterferon
Sustained cure possible but,
side effects and minority gain benefit

29
Q

What is sustained virological response

A

Aviremia 24 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy for Hepatitis C viral infection. Incidence of relapse after SVR is very low.

30
Q

Principles of HCV therapy

A

Oral, interferon free course of 2-3 antivirals for upto 12 weeks with high sustained virological response

31
Q

What to consider in HCV therapy

A 
Genotype of virus and viral load
Genotype of patients interferon response genes
Stage of disease
Genotypic resistanve
Cost effectiveness
32
Q

Current antivirals for HCV therapy

A

Simeprevir, Ledipasvir, Daclatasvir, Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Elbasvir, Grazoprevir/used as comination of 2-3 drugs against certain genotypes
Sofosbuvir, Voxilaprevir, Velpatasvir/active againsts all genotypes and used in combination

GI (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions