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History - French Revolution > War, Revolt And Overthrow Of The Monarchy 1792-3 > Flashcards

War, Revolt And Overthrow Of The Monarchy 1792-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Leopoldo II think of the affairs in France?

A

Approved of many of the Liberal reforms of the Assembly

Was pleased at the collapse of French power

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2
Q

When was the Declaration of Pillnitz and which two nations wrote it?

A

27th August 1791

Austria and Prussia

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3
Q

What three groups wanted war?

A

Marie Antoinette and royalists
Army Commanders to increase their prestige (Lafayette)
Brissotins who wanted a republic

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4
Q

What were Brissots arguments for war? [3]

A

Success would rouse enthusiasm for the revolution
A war would allow the revolutionary ideas to spread abroad
French armies would have support of the enemies repressed subjects

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5
Q

Why was Robespierre opposed to external war? [3]

A

War was better fought against internal enemies
Foreign powers were only trying to intimidate not invade
Foreigners wouldn’t support the French armies

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6
Q

When did Austria and Prussia become allies?

A

7th February 1792

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7
Q

Where had the Prussians and Austrians previously conquered?

A

Prussia - United Provinces

Austria - Belgium in under 2 weeks

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8
Q

Why did Austro-Prussian forces expect little resistance from the French army? [3]

A

France was weak due to internal divisions
Mutinies in the army made the forces weaker
French finances would limit the purchase of weapons

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9
Q

When did the King dismiss his Feuillant ministers and who did he replace them with?

A

March 1792

More radical Girondin ministers that obeyed the Assembly

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10
Q

When did France declare war on Austria and when did the Prussians join?

A

20th April 1792

June

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11
Q

Why was the French army not prepared for war in 1792? [2]

A

Over half the army officers had emigrated

The volunteers were poorly trained and equipped

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12
Q

What happened when French forces invaded the Austrian Netherlands on 20th April 1792?

A

Retreated back to Lille where they killed their commander and deserted

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13
Q

What 3 laws did the King veto on 19th June 1792?

A

Deportation of refractory priests
Disbanded the Kings guard
Set up a camp for 20,000 federes

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14
Q

What happened on 13th June 1792?

A

The King dismissed his Girondin ministers, including Roland, when he protested against his refusal to approve the laws

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15
Q

How many demonstrators took part in the March on the Tuileries on 20th June 1792?

A

8000

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16
Q

The Assembly issued a ‘la Patrie en danger’ on 11th June. What did the Sans-culottes demand?

A

If they were to fight, they should be admitted to all sectional assemblies and be able to vote

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17
Q

What song did the federes sing marching from Marseille to Paris

A

La Marseillaise

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18
Q

In a speech to the Jacobin club on 29th June, what did Robespierre propose? [4]

A

Abandon the constitution of 1791
Overthrow of the monarchy
Establishment of the National Convention, elected by UMS
Purge the departments, which contained royalists

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19
Q

Why did the federes represent a strong pressure group?

A

They were very patriotic and were militant revolutionaries, republicans

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20
Q

When was the Brunswick manifesto and what did it say? [4]

A

1st August 1792

  • Ensure the welfare of France, and not to invade
  • Restore the liberty of Louis XVI
  • Louis be set free from Paris immediately
  • If Louis was hurt, an exemplary vengeance would be inflicted on Paris
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21
Q

What effect did the Brunswick manifesto have on the citizens of France?

A

Angered them and made them more republican. Those with some remaining royalist views were now against it

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22
Q

Who was Petion and what did he do on 3rd August?

A

Mayor of Paris. Demanded that the King be removed on behalf of 47 out of 48 Sections

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23
Q

When was the Attack on the Tuilleries and how many were killed?

A

10th August 1792. 600 Swiss mercenaries, 90 federes and 300 Parisians

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24
Q

What happened on the evening of the 9th August 1792?

A

Sans culottes took over the Hotel de Ville, expelled the city council and set up a revolutionary commune

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25
Q

After the attack on the Tuilleries, who controlled Paris

A

The revolutionary commune

26
Q

Following the overthrow of Louis XVI, what happened in the Assembly?

A

The constitutional monarchists went into hiding, leaving the 300 Girondins in charge
Danton appointed as Minister of Justice

27
Q

What radical measures did the Assembly pass in its last 6 weeks? [3]

A

Refractory priests deported to a French colony
Feudal dues abolished without compensation
Divorce legalised

28
Q

When was the monarchy officially abolished?

A

22nd September 1792

29
Q

When did the National Convention first meet?

A

20th September 1792

30
Q

How many Girondins, Jacobins and Independents were in the Convention

A

180, 300, 250

31
Q

What Group was known as the Plain in the convention?

A

The unattached members

32
Q

What group in the convention were known as Montagnards?

A

The Jacobins

Montagnard meant the mountain

33
Q

What two things sealed Louis’ fate?

A
  • the incriminating Royal correspondence between the Austrians the King found in the armoire de fer
  • Marats proposal of Appel nominal, the deputies publicly declaring their judgement
34
Q

How many voted that Louis was innocent?

A

0

35
Q

What did the vote in the reprieve show?

A

If the Appel nominal hadn’t of taken place the King may not have been executed

36
Q

Give the vote breakdown in the sentencing of Louis and then in the reprieve

A

387 for death penalty, 288 for imprisonment

390 to 310

37
Q

When was Louis executed?

A

21st January 1793

38
Q

Which group gained an ascendency in the convention following Louis’ execution?

A

The Montagnards, as they branded the Girondins as royalists

39
Q

What were the September massacres?

A

The murdering of all counter revolutionary prisoners in Paris from 2nd September for 5 days

40
Q

How many prisoners were killed during the September massacres?

A

Between 1100 and 1400 of the 2600 prisoners

41
Q

Why was nothing done to stop the September massacres?

A

It would have meant mobilising the National Guard which risked another Champ de Mars incident

42
Q

Following the September massacres, what did the moderates regard the Montagnards and the sans-culottes as?

A

Blood thirsty savages

43
Q

What happened in the Battle of Valmy?

A

52000 French troops defeated 34000 Prussians on 20th September 1792

44
Q

Why were the sans-culottes soldiers conscripted effective

A

They were very passionate about the revolution so wanted to survive

45
Q

In January 1793, where the French decide to expand to?

A

It’s natural borers: the Rhine, the Alps and the Pyrenees

46
Q

What did the decree of Fraternity offer?

A

Support to those in foreign countries who wanted to overthrow their rulers and establish a political system

47
Q

What three areas were annexed and when?

A

Avignon in 1791
Savoy in November 1792
Nice in January 1793

48
Q

When did the Convention declare war on Britain and the Netherlands?

A

1st February 1793

49
Q

Which three nations in Europe were France not at war with in early 1793

A

Switzerland, Denmark and Sweden

50
Q

When did the First Coalition emerge?

A

Between March and September 1793

51
Q

Why did the 1793 campaign start badly? [3]

A

Attack on the Netherlands failed in March
Dumouriez defected to the Austrians
Belgium was lost and so was the left bank of the Rhine - fighting was back on French land

52
Q

What organisation did Lazare Carnot join in Summer 1793

A

Committee of Public Safety

53
Q

What 3 things summarise Carnot’s contribution?

A

Reorganised the army
Reestablished the discipline
Led by example in military engagements

54
Q

Where was Carnot successful on 16th October 1793

A

Battle of Wattignies

55
Q

What triggered the Vendee rebellion of 11th March 1793

A

Conscription of 300 troops
Religious changes
Sale of Church lands

56
Q

Why did the sale of Church lands anger those in the Vendee?

A

Bourgeois bought the land and put the rent up

57
Q

What happened in the Vendee rebellion and how was it dealt with?

A

Constitutional priests and national guardsmen were massacred. 30000 men were withdrawn from the front to deal with the rising

58
Q

Why did the Vendee rebellion not represent a threat?

A

The rebels were ill disciplined and only used guerrilla tactics

59
Q

What economic issues arose as a result of the war in 1793

A

Price of the assignat fell as more were printed to fund it

60
Q

By February 1793, how much had the power of the assignat fallen by?

A

50%

61
Q

Why was there a shortage of grain in 1793 despite a good harvest?

A

It was better financially for the farmers to use the grain themselves rather than sell it

62
Q

How was the Republic saves in summer 1793?

A

If Britain and Austria had joined forces, they would have crushed France.
Britain went west to conquer Dunkirk
Austria went east

History - French Revolution (5 decks)

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