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Flashcards in Weakness Deck (17)
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1
Q

LMN

A

-can occur anywhere along the length of the sc or BS LMN

2
Q

peripheral neuropathy/polyneuropathy

A

-multiple nerve involvement manifests as distal limb LMN signs and sensory loss (stocking and glove); typically beginning in lower limbs

3
Q

general rule about pain

A

may accompany lesions or roots, plexus or nerves but not lesions of anterior horn cells

4
Q

hemiplegia from an ipsi cervical spinal cord lesion

A

-may be accompanied by neck and radicular pain if a cervical root is also involved at the level of the lesion (which may also create LMN signs at that root level)

5
Q

hemiplegia form a brainstem lesion

A

-may be accompanied by facial weakness, dysarthria, or dysphagia

6
Q

hemiplegia from a subcortical lesion in the internal capsule or corona radiata

A

-cause relatively equal weakness in contra lower face and upper and lower limbs

7
Q

hemiplegia from a cortical lesion

A

-unequal weakness between the affected upper and lower limbs

8
Q

hemiplegia with the leg weaker than the face and arm

A

is caused by a lesion in the more medial (parasagittal) portion of the contra motor cortex
-ischemic infarction of this area is produced by an occlusion of the ACA

9
Q

hemiplegia with the face and arm weaker than the leg

A

2/2 a lesion in more lateral portion of the contra motor cortex
-ischemic infarction of the area is produced by an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) or one of its branches

10
Q

sudden vs gradual onset of hemiplegia

A
  • sudden: d/t cerebrovascular lesion, such as ischemic infarct or hemorrhage, or the result of trauma
  • gradual: tumor, or degenerative dz (ALS)
11
Q

motor vs sensory

A

motor: precentral gyrus; sensory: postcentral gyrus

12
Q

bulbar/bulb/lower brain stem

A

-lesions of CN 5,7,9,10,12 can cause weakness of chewing, speaking, or swallowing (bulbar functions)

13
Q

bulbar weakness (bulbar palsy)

A

LMN signs are manifest as atrophy and fasciculations of muscles of the face, jaw, palate or tongue

14
Q

pseudobulbar weakness (pseudobulbar palsy)

A

-causes weakness of chewing speaking or swallowing, but causative lesions involve UMN (corticobulbar tract)

15
Q

weak pts lacking LMN or UMN signs

A
  • d/o of muscle or NMJ; sensation is preserved
  • muscle dz: weakness typically affects proximal limbs, MSR initially preserved, disappear after significant muscle atrophy occurs
  • NMJ d/o (MG): variable weakness and fatigue of limbs, often accompanied by ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, or dyspnea
16
Q

basal ganglia

A

influence postural control, muscle tone, and “automatic” types of movement

17
Q

cerebellum

A

important for balance, smoothness, and coordination of movement