Wed Wk 3 Infectious Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Wed Wk 3 Infectious Disease Deck (15)
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1
Q

Genetic shift involves __ of genomic segments of strains of viruses
usually coinfecting other __

key feature is the __ nature of the genome
such as R, O, R, B, A

point mutations are slower, responsible for genetic __

A

rearrngement
animals

segmented
rotavirus, orthomyoxyvirus, reovirus, bunyavirus, arenavirus

2
Q

ab therapy in pt w acute cholecystitis is necessary to prevent a s___ infection due to biliary stasis

P__ is a uricosuric that blocks renal tubular __ of penicillins/cephalosporins, thus prolonging half life

Penicillin usually administered w A__ as cell wall is disrupted allowing for entry

A

secondary

probenecid
excretion

aminoglycoside

3
Q

HPV infects __ epithelial cells through small breaks in skin/mucosa
prefers __ squamous epi, found in anus, vagina, cervix
T__ vocal cords have squamous epithelium and thus baby can get respiratory P__
presents w weak __ and hoarseness w stridor

Nasal cavity, upper pharynx, F__ vocal cords, trachea, bronchi have __ columnar epi
mucus cells _ air and trap debris
cilia beat debris toward __

Cuboidal epithelium is found on B__ to conduct air to alveoli

Simple squamous epithelium found on __ for gas exchange

A
basal
stratified
true
papillomatosis
cry

false, ciliated pseudostratified

moisten
pharynx

bronchioles

alveoli

4
Q

__ is comma shaped, oxidase positive gram neg rod
grown on highly alkaline media like __ agar
must survive __ pH of stomach to make it to SI and cause disease
thus, pt w achlorhydria from __ therapy has lower burden resulting in dz

V vulnificus affects pt w __ disease
transmitted via __

A

V cholera
TCBS
acidic
PPI

liver
penetration

5
Q

influenza vaccines contain multiple __ as ab against 1 strain do not protect others
vaccine fxns by inducing __ antibodies against hemagluttinin
w exposure to virus, antibody blocks hemagluttinin binding and __ stopping endocytosis

live attenuated vaccines can stimulate __ processing pathway to generate CD8 T cell response to kill virus

virally infected cells can release interferon __/__ to induce synth of antiviral proteins
suppresses viral _ and assembly

A

antigens
neutralizing
cell entry

MHC Class 1

A, B
replication

6
Q

Protein __ in strep pyo inhibits phagocytosis and activation of complement
also is cytotoxic for __ and mediates bacterial attachment
is __ to type

H__ has antiphagocytic activity in capsule
cannot be distinguished from human __ and is not immunogenic

Streptolysin O lyses __ and PMN
DNAse depolymerizes DNA in __ to thwart PMNs

A

M
PMNs
antigenic

hyaluronidase

RBC
PMN

7
Q

upon DNA separation, positive supercoils can form that __ DNA if not relieved
__ 2 induces neg supercoils to relieve tension

DNA Poly 1 has __ exonuclease activity, allowing it to remove primers
DNA Poly 3 does __ have this

in young male w infectious urethritis, it is likely to be __ and __
tx Gonorrhea w IM __
C trachomantis requires D or M due to unusual cell wall

A

fragments
Topo2

5’-3’
not

N gonorrhea, C trachomantis
ceftriaxone
Doxycycline, macrolides

8
Q

Alcohol disorganizes __ structure of membranes, denaturing proteins
requires __ for maximal activity
Effective agianst T, F, V but not spores

Chlorhexidine destabilizes cell __ and coagulates intracellular portions
used for surgery but not N/O/O procedures due to neurotoxicity

Formaldehyde akylates and __ DNA
used to sterilize __ that cannot be autoclaved

Iodine attaches __ to DNA/proteins
used in surgery, but less effective than C__

H2O2 produces __
good for __ objects, less so for organic

H/I are sporicidal

A

lipid
water
Tb, fungus, virus

membranes
neuro/optho/otologic

cross links
instruments

halogen
chlorhexidine

free radicals
inorganic

H2O2, iodine

9
Q

ESBL can be located on __ to transfer bw organisms via conjugation
use C instead
other penicillin resistances due to mutated __/__

Vanc due to mutated peptidoglycan __
impaired influx and inc __

Quinoloes due to mutated DNA __ and drug pumps

Aminoglycoside resistance via aminoglycoside __ enzyme, mutated __ subunit, __ protein

Tetracycles via drug __ and inactived enzyme

Rifamycins w mutated RNA __

A

plasmid
carbapenem
porin, PBP

cell wall
efflux

gyrase

modifying, ribosomal, porin

efflux

polymerase

10
Q

Gram neg rods
Fast lactose fermenters include K, E, E

Nonlactose fermenter, oxidase Posiive is P

Nonlactose fermenter, nonoxidase, TSI w/out H2S is S__

nonlactose fermenter, nonoxidase, TSI w H2S is S, P

A

klebsiella, e coli, enterobacter

pseudomonas

shigella

salmonella, proteus

11
Q

IgA antibodies normally bind to __ and other membrane proteins to prevent bacterial adherence
Encapsulated bacteria can produce IgA __ to allow bacterial adherence

pt w HA, memory loss, CSF positive for VDRL and pleocytosis has ___ and can occur at any stage
3 syphillis form _ as painless, indurated granulomatous lesion
on skin, subq, B__ and organs
can lead to __ aortic aneursym/calcification and aortic __

Primary syphillis starts w painless __ at inoculation site

Secondary presents w diffuse __ over palms/soles
may have condyloma __ as warts on genital/perianal region

A

pili
protease

neurosyph
gumma
bone
ascending, insufficiency

ulcer

rash
lata

12
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis produces __ inguinale
pt has inguinal swelling, ulcer, abscess and F
gram stain shows rod shaped intracytoplasmic inclusion called __ body

Bacterial vaginosis caused by alteration in __ flora w loss of lactobacilli
facultative, gram variable __ w gray/white discharge
produces __ odor w KOH as it volarizes amines
look for _ on wet mount
pH __ 4.5

tx w C that inhibits 50s subunit
Or M__ that damages DNA

A

granuloma
fistula
Donovan

normal
anaerobe
fishy
clue cells
greater

clindamycin
metro

13
Q

thin, yellow green malodours dischagre w vaginal inflammation is __
pH > 4.5 w motile __
tx w M__

thick, curd discharge w vaginal inflammation is C__
ph is __ w pseudohyphae
tx w __ which inhibits 14 a __

Clostridium acquires virulence via __ mediated infection of tox gene
known as __ beta
phage infects host bacterium, integrates its genome into host genome is called L___

Strep pneumo acquires ability to produce capsules via T__

A

trichomoniasis
trichomonads
metro

candid
normal
fluconazole, demethylase

phage
cornephage
lysogenization

transformation

14
Q

C__ is direct transfer of plasmids
usually genes for __ resistance
E coli acquires ability for __

Bacillus synthesizes toxin when environment is __ to 37c w adequate protein/CO2
Clostridium req __ environment

A

conjugation
antibiotic
pilus

warmed
anaerobic

15
Q

Listeria req __ immunity for clearance
found in __/__/__ pts
produces __ to have resistance to cephalosporins
tx w A__ instead

H influenza is susceptible to __/__

Listeria, MRSA, enterococci are resistant to Cephalosporins via resistant __
Atypicals are due to lack of __

A

Cell mediated
infant, IC, elderly
PBP
ampicillin

BL/BLI

PBP
cell wall