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Flashcards in Week 2 Deck (20)
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1
Q

When was the first eukaryotic genome sequenced?

A

1996, yeast

2
Q

First plant genome sequenced?

A

2000

3
Q

Sanger sequencing basics

A

DNA polymerase terminates depending on the nucleotide.

4
Q

Pyrosequencing basics

A

In template, PPi molecule released with correct base insertion and has a marker, fluorescing.

5
Q

Massively parallel pyrosequencing basics

A

DNA with adaptors has tag that binds to bead. Bead has oil emulsion that allows PCR amplification.

6
Q

Illumina (1 point, 3 steps)

A

Cut into small pieces, adaptors attach then PCR.

7
Q

DNA sequence assembly

A

Short sequences aligned to make full sequence

8
Q

What to consider during sequence assembly? (5)

A

Storage, editing of reads, assembly, reference and annotation.

9
Q

How to fix gaps? (4 points)

A

Redundancy, references and independent sequencing.

10
Q

Uses of restriction maps? (3 steps)

A

Planning and checking experiments;

Recording and communicating results

11
Q

Gene sequences last how long?

A

100 million years

12
Q

Proteins last how long?

A

2.5 billion years

13
Q

What can minor aminoacid changes impact? (4 points)

A

Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, charge, size, function

14
Q

Difference between similarity and homology

A

Similarity depends on structure, charge, size, function, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Homology always implies descent from common ancestor.

15
Q

Orthologue

A

Ancestral gene during speciation. In different species.

16
Q

Paralogue

A

Duplication/modification. Both in different and same species.

17
Q

Xenologue

A

Horizontal Transfer of gene

18
Q

Indels

A

Gaps introduced in a sequence alignment to maximise similarities

19
Q

Unitary Scoring system (2 points)

A

0 or 1, mismatch or match.

Not useful for aminoacids.

20
Q

Weighted scoring system

A

Better for aminoacids as it sees similarities between them. Score is predetermined