Week 2 - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Trace the sympathetic preganglionic neuron from its cell body to the sympathetic chain.

A

Multipolar Cell Body in Intermediolateral Cell Column (lateral horn) → Anterior rootlet → Anterior root → Anterior rami → White ramus communicans → Paravertebral Ganglion!!!

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2
Q

What course may the sympathetic preganglionic neuron take once it has entered the sympathetic chain?

A
  1. Ascend to terminate in a higher paravertebral ganglion
  2. Descend to terminate in a lower paravertebral ganglion
  3. Traverse the sympathetic trunk without terminating (i.e. thoracic-abdominal splanchnic nerves)
  4. Terminate with a postsynaptic neuron of the paravertebral ganglion at the level they enter the sympathetic chain
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3
Q

What spinal cord segments give rise to sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

A

T1 - L2 (L3)

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4
Q

Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons terminate?

A

Autonomic ganglia

(paravertebral OR prevertebral ganglia)

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5
Q

What spinal cord segments give rise to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

A

Cranial nerves: III (3), VII (7), IX (9), & X (10)

and

Sacral Nerves: S2, S3, S4

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6
Q

Where are Prevertebral ganglia located?

A

Anterior surface of the abdominal aorta

(pre-aortic ganglia)

  • Celiac ganglion
  • Superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Interior mesenteric ganglion
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7
Q

Where are Paravertebral ganglia located?

A
  • Segmentally allong the vertebra, except in the cervical region
  • Cervical ganglia (3)
  • Thoracic ganglia (12)
  • Lumbar ganglia (5)
  • Sacral Ganglia (5)
  • Ganglion impar (1)
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8
Q

How do sympathetic postganglionic neurons reach their destination in order join the spinal nerves, innervate structures in the head, and supply the heart, lungs and other thoracic structures?

A

Gray rami communicans

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9
Q

What are adrenal medullary cells equivalent to?

A

Postganglionic neurons

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10
Q

What neurons synapse on the adrenal gland?

A

The adrenal medullary cells receive direct input from preganglionic sympathetic neurons originating in spinal cord segments T10-L2.

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron terminals?

A

ACh

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neuron terminals to the effector organ (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)?

A

Norepinephrine

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13
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from adrenal medullary cells (when they act like postganglionic neurons)?

A

The adrenal medullary cells contain and release epinephrine

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14
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation lead to?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased peristalsis
  • increased secretion of gastrointestinal glands
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15
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation lead to?

A
  • Vasoconstriction
    • decreased blood flow to the skin
  • Inhibition of peristalsis
  • Contraction of the involuntary gastrointestinal sphincters

(piloerection, sweating, hypertension)

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16
Q
A