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Flashcards in Week 2.1 Deck (17)
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1
Q

What is a prescriptive formula?

A

A way of telling us how much volume someone needs.

2
Q

What are the two different types of prescriptive formula? Give an example of each.

A

Supra threshold based prescriptions: DSL i/o

Threshold based prescriptions: NAL

3
Q

What are targets?

A

Where average individual w/a hearing loss needs volume of HI to be in order to achieve the goal of the prescriptive formula

4
Q

How do you determine where targets fall?

A
  1. severity of hearing loss
  2. specific formula used
  3. monaural or binaural hearing
  4. conductive component
  5. congenital or acquired
5
Q

What are the most common prescriptive formulas, and what are their goals?

A

NAL: national acoustic library. Goal is to maximize speech intelligibility. Preferred by adults.

DSL: desired sensation level. Goal is to normalize loudness. Preferred for children.

6
Q

What are the four stages of DSL m [i/o]

A
  1. Expansion: takes soft input and squishes it so it won’t mask speech.
  2. Linear amplification: 1:1
  3. Compression: 1 dB inpud :
7
Q

What are some issues with prescriptive formulas?

A
  1. Acclimatization
  2. Preferred loudness levels
  3. Dead regions
  4. Severe to profound HF HL
8
Q

What is a dynamic range?

A

The range of sounds that a given individual can hear.

9
Q

What is compression:

A

Output range smaller than input range.

10
Q

What is a compression threshold?

A

Input level where compressor switches from linear amplification to non-linear amplification

11
Q

What is multichannel compression?

A

Since HL varies by frequency, must have different compression ratios and thresholds.

12
Q

What is the most common form of compression?

A

Wide dynamic range compression, gradual application of compression over a wide range of input signals.

13
Q

Why do attack and release times exist?

A

To protect against abrupt input changes, ensuring no over-amplification and that all sounds are still heard

14
Q

What is an attack time?

A

The time it takes for compression to kick in. Range from 5ms to 20 ms.

15
Q

What is release time?

A

Time it takes compression to turn off, randong from 20ms to 2 s.

16
Q

Attack and release times can be either fast or slow. Explain why you would choose each.

A

FAST: allow for the very softest speech to be processed, good for children

SLOW: allow signal to be more stable, better for older adults

17
Q

What are some applications of compression?

A
  1. Avoid distortion, discomfort, and damage
  2. Optimize residual dynamic range
  3. Maintain listening comfort
  4. Maximize speech intelligibility
  5. Reduce noise