Constitutional predisposing factors for atherosclerosis:
Age
Gender
Familiar Predisposition
Predisposing factors for acquired atherosclerosis
Hyperlipidemia HTN Homocysteine Smoking Diabetes
What 3 things can form a clot in arteriosclerosis?
RBCs and smooth muscle cells
Fat
CT cap
*3 parts of atheroma
What are 4 problems with atherosclerosis?
Narrowing of the lumen
Turbulent Blood Flow
Deposition of calcium into atheroma
Cracking/ ulceration of atheroma
__ can lead to sudden death in thhose with cracking/ ulceration of atheroma
Ballooning
Arteriosclerosis: Mockenberg’s Medial Calcific Sclerosis: __-like calcification within the __ layer of the medium to small muscular arteries of __ course. NO INFLAMMATION. Common in which arteries?
ring
medial
obscure
Tibial, Femoral and Radial artery, arteries which supply the genitals over 50 y/o
Hyaline Arteriosclerosis: Occurs in __. Involves hyaline changes within the vascular wall. __ of the blood are pushed into the wall of the vessel. Is a common occurance in whch 3 pathologies?
Arterioles Proteins -DM- can cause microangiopathies, gangrene, loss of vision -HTN -*Benign Nephrosclerosis
What is benign nephrosclerosis?
Replacement of nephritic arterioles with hyaline
-deposition of glass-like substance
Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis: Thickening of wall of arteriole __ and ___. Results in permanent narrowing of __. Will not rupture, but causes __ in the tissues. Characterized by __ skin changes of the vessel.
wall GBM lumen ischemia onion
Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis: Foundation of __ hypertension- high diastolic pressure of at least __. Can lead to __ of arterioles. What is this referred to as?
Malignant
120
necrosis
Fibrinoid Necrosis
Aortic Insufficiency: Aortic valves can’t keeo blow from backflowing - blood backs into the ventricle and __ in blood is poor- will see diastolic pressure as low as __-__ (could be __) __ is common as a result of aortic insufficiency
O2
20-30
0
Syphilis
Which artery is not involved in Rheumatic Fever?
Pulmonary
Bacterial Endocarditis: Infectious disease of heart- growth of bacteria in heart can lead to __. Whata are the 2 types?
death
Acute
Subacute
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis: Prognosis is __ and difficult to treat due to massive __ infection of the body. May be caused by various __. MCC is __ __ (but not the only cause)
bad
staph
infections
Staph Aureus
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis: Also bad, but better than acute. Better chance of survival. MCC is __ __ AKA __ __
Strep viridans
Strep mitis
Bacterial Endocarditis: What are the main sources of infection?
Bad Tooth
Genitalia
Streptoderma (infection of skin) (blisters, acne, etc…)
Lungs (esp in those w/ pneumonia)
Gall Bladder (if infected/ source of chronic infection)
Bacterial Endocarditis: Which valve is most commonly involved?
Aortic
-mitral can be involved
Bacterial Endocarditis: There is a release of __ whch leads to destruction of __; you get regurgitation and affects the __ __ muscles
enzymes
valves
chordae tendinae
Bacterial Endocarditis: Non-obliteration of __ __- found in the fetus due to non-air breathing. Blood goes from Right A to left A- after delivery it goes away and ligaments remains. If it doesnt go away, there is a decrease in __ to the tissue–> decreased __ and __ development. Bacteria goes into __ arteries and into the lungs and causes embolism of capillaries- leads to lung __
ductus arteriosis O2 Physical Mental pulmonary infarction
Bacterial endocarditis is the MCC of Aortic __ and __
insifficiency
Regurge
*Dx with low Diastolic pressure
What are 2 complications of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis?
Ischemic Stroke
Petechiae Hemorrhages under the nail
Ischemic Stroke- Emboli that is made up of live __ goes through arterial vessels and goes to (3). The proteolytic enzymes digest the wall of the artery and allow leakage of blood into __. Affects females __% of the time.
bacteria
brain, heart, kidneys
Brain
70
What is treatment of bacterial endocarditis?
Take huge amount of antibiotiics intravenously- around 50-100 million units a day