Week 4- ASD, ADHD Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 4- ASD, ADHD Deck (32)
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1
Q

What does ADHD stand for?

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2
Q

What is the diagnostic triad for ADHD?

A

Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

3
Q

What is the criteria for combined type ADHD, and what else is it known as?

A
Also known as hyperkinetic disorder
The patient must have the normal triad of difficulties but they must be:
-developmentally inappropriate 
-Impairing
-Pervasive- occur in multiple settings
-Longstanding
4
Q

Is ADHD a spectrum disorder?

A

Yes

5
Q

How can having a family member with ADHD impact on the home?

A

Complicated to the parents
Raised family stress levels
Increased anger and upset
Increased risk of harm (e.g. impulsive behaviour)

6
Q

How can having ADHD affect schooling?

A

Barrier to learning
Frequently in trouble
Disorganisation, forgetting, losing things

7
Q

What co-morbid difficulties can you have with ADHD?

A
Social communication difficulties 
Learning disabilities
Attachment difficulties
Mood and anxiety problems
Behavioural disorders 
Substance use
8
Q

What causes ADHD?

A

Environmental factors
Genes
Brain structure and function
Cognition

9
Q

How would you go about diagnosing ADHD?

A
History
Screening questionnaires
Structural diagnostic questionnaires
Background risk factors- family history, male gender, socioeconomic status
Careful review of differentials
10
Q

How would you examine a suspected ADHD case?

A

School observation
Observation in clinic room
Cognitive assessment

11
Q

Do symptoms of ADHD ever stop?

A

Symptoms commonly remain throughout childhood
Core symptoms may symptoms may persist into adulthood
Some will ‘grow out’ of ADHD as part of brain development

12
Q

How would you treat ADHD psychologically?

A

1st line- parent training
Behavioural classroom management strategies
2nd line- social skills training
sleep and diet- eliminations and supplements

13
Q

How would you treat ADHD pharmacologically?

A

1st line drugs- methylphenidate (ritalin)
dexamfetamine
Lisdexamfetamine

2nd line drugs
Atomoxetine

3rd line- antidepressants, antihypertensives, anti-psychotics.

14
Q

What are common side effects of stimulant ADHD medications?

A

Dysphoria (state of unease)
Anxiety
Tics also possible

15
Q

How do stimulants work in the treatment of ADHD?

What do they affect in ADHD?

A

Improve dopaminergic neurotransmission in networks involved in executive functioning. They directly improve core symptoms

16
Q

Name some examples of non stimulant ADHD medication?

A

Atomoxetine-noradrenergic and dopaminergic agonist

Guanfacine- alpha 2 agonist

17
Q

What is autism?

A

Problems with social communication and interaction.

Restricted and repetitive patterns of thinking

18
Q

How would you diagnose autism (method)?

A

History generally.

19
Q

What is the DSM 5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder?

A

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction.
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities.

20
Q

When must symptoms for ASD be present from?

A

Must be present in the early developmental period.

21
Q

NOTE

A

Disturbances in ASD must not be better explained by intellectual disorder or global developmental delay.

22
Q

How are those with ASD described socially?

A

Described as being aloof.
Lack of theory of mind
Only interested in people to meet needs
Happy with their own company

23
Q

What specific things are affected socially in ASD?

A

Problems reading and transmitting social cues

Metaphor, irony and social rituals are confusing

24
Q

What is meant by inflexible patterns of thinking and repetitive behaviours in ASD?

A

Changes/ transitions are often very distressing
Leads to interests in logical things- e.g. IT, maths, engineering, collecting.
Need for routine and repetition

25
Q

What co-morbidities are common in ASD?

A
Learning disability
Anxiety
Depression
ADHD
Dyspraxia
Specific language delay and impairments
Sensory differences/sensory defensiveness
26
Q

What language deficits can be seen in autism spectrum disorder?

A

No speech- language delay
Confuse pronouns
Odd prosody (patterns of rhythm)
Echolalia (echoing another person)

27
Q

What sensory differences might be present in someone with ASD?

A

Temperature and pain sensitivity
Sound and texture difficulties are most common.
Overlaps with social communication and dyspraxia

28
Q

Which co morbidity is severe autism associated with?

A

Learning disability
Langauge and other developmental problems
Hyperactivity
Behavioural issues such as repeated self harm.

29
Q

Which co-morbidity is mild autism associated with?

A

Inattention/poor organisation
Anxiety and mood disorders
Dyspraxia

30
Q

What causes ASD?

A

Strongly heritable- however no single gene found

No clinically helpful findings are found on brain scanning.

31
Q

What assessment tools can be used to aid diagnosis of ASD?

A

Social responsiveness scale

Semi-structured interviews

32
Q

Which allied health professionals are involved in the management of ASD?

A

Speech