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Musculoskeletal/Skin - WLB > Week 5 - Ach > Flashcards

Week 5 - Ach Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the route of the greater saphenous vein from the foot to the femoral triangle.

A

Begins: medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Ascends: obliquely/medial to knee

Terminates: into the femoral vein by passing through the femoral triangle into an opening in the fascia lata (saphenous opening)

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2
Q

Where is the femoral triangle located?

A

Groin region, medial anterior thigh

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior: Inguinal ligament

Lateral: Sartorius

Medial: Adductor longus

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4
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral –> Medial

N: Femoral nerve

A: External iliac artery

V: External iliac vein

E: Empty (inguinal lymph nodes)

L: Lacunar ligament

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5
Q

Where is the constant location of the greater saphenous vein?

Why is it important?

A
  • 1 cm in front of the medial malleolus
  • important to know in case the need arises for an emergency transfusion (aka “Saphenous Cut down”)
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6
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the lower extremity.

(spinal cord –> terminus)

A

Spinal cord –> Lumbar plexus (L2-L4) –> Femoral Nerve

***Innervates the muscles in the anterior thigh***

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7
Q

Describe the blood supply to the lower extremity.

A

Descending aorta –> External iliac artery –>

Femoral artery (inguinal ligament) –> Popliteal artery (adductor hiatus)

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8
Q

What are the major branches of the Femoral artery?

A
  • Deep (Profunda) femoral artery
    • ​Lateral Circumflex Femoral artery
    • Perforating branches
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral artery
  • Lateral Circumflex Femoral artery
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9
Q

What are the muscular components of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Iliopsoas
  • Pectineus
  • Quadriceps femoris:
    • Rectus femoris
    • Vastus lateralis
    • Vastus medialis
    • Vastus intermedius

***Knee Extensors (femoral nerve)

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10
Q

What are the muscular components of the medial compartment of the anterior thigh?

A
  • Gracilis
  • Adductor magnus (tibial & obturator nerves)
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis

***Thigh Adductors (supplied by Obturator nerve)

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11
Q

What is the strongest flexor of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

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12
Q

Where do all 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris insert?

A

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.

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13
Q

Why are the Medial & Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery particularly important clinically?

A

Because it provides major branches to the head and neck of the femur.

(especially the medial circumflex femoral artery)

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14
Q

What vessels make up the Cruciate anastomosis?

A
  • 1st perforating artery (of Deep femoral)
  • Inferior Gluteal branches
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral arteries
  • Lateral Circumflex Femoral arteries
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15
Q

What vessels make up the Trochanteric anastomosis?

A
  • Superior Gluteal
  • Inferior Gluteal
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral artery
  • Lateral Circumflex Femoral artery
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16
Q

Why are the Cruciate and Trochanteric anastomoses important?

A

Provide blood to the lower limb in the event of an occlusion of the femoral artery above the origin of the deep femoral artery.

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17
Q

Where does a femoral hernia form?

A

Femoral ring

(Medial-femoral canal)

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18
Q

What is a hip pointer?

A

A bruise or contusion of the bone over the iliac crest OR

an avulsion of the muscles from the iliac crest (usually sartorius or rectus femoris).

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19
Q

What is a “Charley horse”?

A

Contusion and tearing of muscle fibers enough to result in a thigh hematoma (collection of blood).

–> Leads to pain & stiffness

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20
Q

When is saphenous nerve injury likely to occur?

A

Cutting the area approximately 1 cm anterior to the medial malleolus.

  • during “Saphenous cut down”
  • vein grafting
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21
Q

What symptoms does injury to the Saphenous nerve produce?

A

Pain and/or numbness along the medial border of the foot.

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22
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

An epiphysitis of the tibial tuberosity where the patellar ligament attaches resulting in pain in the area.

Usually occurs in adolescents (9-13 yoa), and is aggravated by activity.

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23
Q

What is a groin pull?

A

Strain, stretching, and possibly tearing of the proximal attachments of the anteromedial thigh muscles/adductor muscles of the thigh.

Occurs in sports that require quick starts:

-sprinting, baseball, football, gymnastics

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24
Q

What nerve and lumbar plexus segments does the Patellar Tendon Reflex (knee jerk) test?

A

Femoral nerve & L2-L4 spinal cord segments

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25
Q

What are the bones of the tarsus (foot)?

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid (lateral)
  • Navicular (medial)
  • Cuneiforms (3-lateral, intermediate, medial)
  • 5 Metatarsals
  • 14 Phalanges
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26
Q

Where is the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Joint between:

Talus/Calcaneous & Navicular/Cuboid

(a.k.a. Talocalcaneonavicular joint & Calcaneocuboid joint)

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27
Q

Why is the Transverse Tarsal joint important?

A
  • Allows inversion/eversion of the foot
  • Standard method of surgical amputation occurs at this joint.
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28
Q

What is the Subtalar Joint?

A

Joint/space between the Talus & Calcaneus

29
Q

What are the muscular components of the anterior leg?

A
  • Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion, inversion)
  • Extensor digitorum longus (dorsiflexion, toe extension)
  • Extensor hallucis longus (dorsiflexion, great toe extension)
  • Fibularis tertius (dorsiflexion, eversion)

***Innervated by Deep Fibular Nerve***

30
Q

What are the muscular components of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • Fibularis longus (plantarflexion, eversion)
  • Fibularis brevis (plantarflexion, eversion)

***Innervated by the Superficial Fibular Nerve***

31
Q

What blood vessel supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

32
Q

What blood vessel supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular branch of Posterior Tibial artery

33
Q

Damage to the Common Fibular Nerve results in what clinical symptom?

A

Foot drop & Steppage gait

(Inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot, toes do not clear the floor during swing phase of walking)

34
Q

What does the Common Fibular Nerve split into?

A

Superficial Fibular nerve

&

Deep Fibular nerve

35
Q

What structure does the Deep Fibular nerve run in close proximity to on the anterior leg?

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

36
Q

What does the Anterior Tibial Artery continue into the foot as?

A

Dorsalis Pedis artery

37
Q

What is the names of the superior and inferior bands that hold the fibular muscles in place as they pass behind the lateral malleolus?

A

Superior & Inferior Fibular Retinacula

38
Q

What two things hold the extensor tendons (and their synovial sheaths) in place to prevent bowstringing?

A

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

&

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

39
Q

What are the 3 muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

A
  • Extensor digitorum brevis (deep fibular nerve)
  • Extensor hallucis brevis (deep fibular nerve)
  • 4 Dorsal interosseus muscles (lateral plantar nerve)
40
Q

What three arteries does the Dorsalis Pedis artery terminate as?

A

Arcuate artery (arch)

&

First dorsal metatarsal artery

&

Deep plantar arteries

41
Q

Where can the Dorsalis Pedis artery and Deep Fibular nerve be found on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Lateral to tendon of Extensor Hallicus Longus

42
Q

What does occlusion of the Dorsalis pedis artery lead to?

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Paresthesia
  • Paralysis
  • Pulselessness
43
Q

Where does the tendon of Fibularis brevis attach?

A

5th metatarsal

44
Q

Where does the tendon of Fibularis Longus attach?

A

plantar surface of first metatarsal

45
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous distribution of the dorsum of the foot, digits 2-4, and have of great toe and 5th digit?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

46
Q

What is the most important muscle in stability of the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps muscle

47
Q

What meniscus is attached firmly to its surrounding ligament?

A

Medial meniscus –> Medial Collateral Ligament

(Tibial Collateral Ligament)

48
Q

Where do meniscal tears heal best?

A

Outermost part (outer 1/3) where here is good blood supply

49
Q

What muscle tendon separates the Lateral Collateral Ligament from the joint capsule?

A

Popliteus

50
Q

What cruciate ligament is excluded from the synovial cavity?

A

BOTH: Anterior Cruciate Ligament & Posterior Cruciate Ligament

51
Q

What movements does the ACL resist?

A

Posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia.

&

Hyperextension

52
Q

What movements does the PCL resist?

A

Anterior displacement of femur on tibia.

&

Hyperflexion

(main stabilizer of femur when walking downhill)

53
Q

What are the shapes of the medial and lateral meniscus?

A

Medial: C-shaped

Lateral: circular

54
Q

What is the “Unhappy Triad” injury?

A

Tear/Rupture of:

  1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
  2. Tibial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  3. Medial meniscus
55
Q

What bodily position often leads to an “Unhappy Triad” injury?

A

Twisting motion (of the hip) & Fixed foot

56
Q

What are shin splints?

A

Mild compartment syndrome in the anterior compartment (tibialis anterior strain).

57
Q

What four bursa surround the knee joint and touch the synovial cavity?

A
  1. Suprapatellar (decreases quad friction)
  2. Popliteus (popliteus muscle/head of fibula)
  3. Gastrocnemius (medial head of gastroc)
  4. Semimembranous (medial gastroc/tendon of semimembranous muscle)
58
Q

What three bursa in the knee region do not touch the synovial cavity?

A
  1. Prepatellar - housmaid’s knee
  2. Infrapatellar - clergyman’s knee
  3. Deep infrapatellar (patellar ligament/anterior tibia)
59
Q

What is Ski Boot Syndrome?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve Entrapment

  • occurs deep to inferior extensor retinacular and EHL
  • causes pain in dorsum of foot radiating to 1st web space
  • due to tight ski boot/shoe
60
Q

What ligament was discovered within the last year?

A

Anterolateral Ligament (ALL)

(next to LCL)

61
Q

What is the most commonly injured joint in the body?

A

Talocrural joint

(between tiba and talus, affects medial malleolus)

62
Q

What are the four parts of the Medial Deltoid Ligament?

A
  1. Anterior tibiotalar
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Tibiocalcaneal
  4. Posterior tibiotalar
63
Q

What kind of sprain involves the Medial Deltoid Ligaments?

A

Eversion sprain

64
Q

What is “Pott’s Fracture”?

A

Forced Eversion –>

Torn Medial Deltoid ligaments

Fractured medial malleolus

Fractured Fibula

Torn Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament

65
Q

What are the three Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the ankle?

A
  1. Anterior Talofibular (ATFL - most commonly torn)
  2. Calcaneofibular
  3. Posterior Talofibular (PTFL)
66
Q

What kind of injury involves the Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the ankle?

A

Inversion sprain

67
Q

What kind of ankle sprains are the most common?

A

Inversion Sprains

(Anterior Talofibular Ligament spain)

68
Q

Eversion takes place at what joint?

A

Subtalar joint

Musculoskeletal/Skin - WLB (13 decks)

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