Week 5- cell signaling Drews Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 5- cell signaling Drews Deck (16)
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1
Q

universal features of chemical messaging

A
Secreted by specific cells
Diffused or transported to target cells
Bind to receptor
Elicits response
Signal is terminated
2
Q

prostaglandins

A

from arachidonic acid

for inhibiting platelet aggregation

3
Q

thromboxanes

A

arachidonic acid ⇒ prostaglandins ⇒ thromboxanes which stimulates platelet aggregation

4
Q

4 types of cell signaling

A

1) endocrine- releases message ⇒ goes through circulation to get to target site (x: pancreas releasing insulin)
2) paracrine- compound releases chemical signal which affects something right next to it
3) autocrine- compound releases signal that binds to a target site which is on the same compound that released it
4) juxtacrine –signal is never really released: compound must be in contact with the target cell

5
Q

Trace the biosynthesis of NO (nitric oxide).

A

ACh activates nitric oxide synthase → nitric oxide is produced and released into blood → NO binds to guanylyl cyclase in smooth muscle to produce cGMP from GTP → increase in cGMP causes smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

6
Q

Identify the three main classes of cell-surface receptors

A

Ion channels
Kinase receptors
GPCR (heptahelical receptor)

7
Q

nitroglycerin

A

can be broken down into NO

given to patients with chest pain to vasodilator ==> increase blood flow to hypoxic areas (low O2)

8
Q

Types of Intracellular receptors

A

1) cytoplasmic receptors
2) nuclear receptors
3) plasma membrane receptors

9
Q

3 types of plasma membrane receptors

A

1) ion channel receptors
2) kinase receptors
3) heptahelical receptors (GPCR)

10
Q

cytoplasmic receptors

A

receptor for steroid/thyroid hormore superfamily of receptors

11
Q

nuclear receptors

A

receptor for signals that affect lipid metabolism ==> target for lipid lowering drugs

12
Q

ion channel receptors and example

A

can be either voltage gated or ligand gates

-example of nicotinic ACh receptor

13
Q

3 types of kinase receptors

A

tyrosine kinase
JAK-STAT
serine-threonine kinase

14
Q

function of G proteins in membrane events

A

Function → when GTP binds to alpha and signal molecule binds to extracellular receptor, then beta and gamma subunit dissociate from alpha subunit → alpha subunit exchanges GDP for GTP and becomes active → the active alpha subunit can further transduce the signal

15
Q

3 types of heterotrimeric G proteins

A
  • ion channels that can be activated by GPCR
  • Phosphatidylinositol that can be activated by GPCR
  • Tyrosine Kinase receptors that act on GPCR
16
Q

active Ras =

problem with Ras being constantly activated

A

onward transmission of signal (can be signal for proliferation)

-constantly activated Ras can lead to continuous transmission of signals ==> proliferation ==> uncontrollable cell replication ==> cancer