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Anatomy BMSC > Week 5-Midgut and Hindgut > Flashcards

Week 5-Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the midgut extend from?

A

1/2 along the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon to 2/3rd along the transverse colon.

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2
Q

What is the main arterial blood supply to the midgut?

A

Branches of the superior mesenteric artery.

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3
Q

what level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

A

L1.

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4
Q

Where does the hindgut extend from?

A

Starts 2/3rds of the way along the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal.

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5
Q

What is the main arterial blood supply to the hindgut?

A

Branches from inferior mesenteric artery.

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6
Q

What attaches to both the jejunum and ileum to attach them to posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

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7
Q

Where does the jejunum start?

A

At the duodenal-jejunal junction.

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8
Q

Where does the ileum end?

A

Ileocaecal junction

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9
Q

Which part of the small intestine is biggest?

A

The ileum- 3/5ths
Jejunum- 2/5ths
Duodenum-20cm

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10
Q

Approximately how long is the small intestine?

A

6m long.

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11
Q

What are the grooves in the wall of the small intestine called?

A

Plicae circularis.

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12
Q

Compare the walls of the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum has more plicae circularis and its thicker than the ileum.

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13
Q

Which has the wider lumen (bore) out of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum has a wider bore (lumen) than the ileum.

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14
Q

What is an arcade?

A

An arcade is an area where arterial branches anastomose before reaching their final destination.

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15
Q

Compare the arcade structure of the jejunum vs the ileum

A

The jejunum has fewer arcades with long branches to the wall.
The ileum has loads of arcades and numerous short branches to the ileum wall.

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16
Q

Where would you find adipose tissue in the jejunum and ileum?

A

In the jejunum it is mostly found around the root of the mesenteric vessels whereas in the ileum its throughout the mesentery.

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17
Q

Compare the lymphoid tissue in the ileum and the jejunum?

A

Ileum- numerous Peyers patches

Jejunum- few small lymphoid tissues.

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18
Q

Which branches of the superior mesenteric artery supply the ileum and jejunum?

A

The jejunal and ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The lower parts of the ileum are supplied by the ileocolic artery.

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19
Q

Where do the veins from the ileum and jejunum drain into?

A

They drain into the superior mesenteric vein.

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20
Q

Where does lymph from the ileum and jejunum drain to?

A

Drains to mesenteric nodes and then to the pre-aortic nodes at L1 around the superior mesenteric artery.

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21
Q

Where do the autonomic nerves to the midgut come from?

A

From the superior mesenteric plexus.

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22
Q

Where would pain from the midgut be felt?

A

Umbilical region.

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23
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

To absorb water and electrolytes.

24
Q

What are the sacculations in the wall of the large intestine called?

A

Haustra.

25
Q

What are the fatty tags attached to the large intestine called?

A

Appendices epiploicae.

26
Q

What is the longitudinal muscle in the large intestine called? How is it separated?

A

Called teniae coli. Separated into three bands and is continuous with the small intestine smooth muscle.

27
Q

Where would you find the caecum?

A

In the right iliac fossa (covered in peritoneum)

28
Q

what is the arterial supply to the caecum?

A

Caecal artery from the ileocolic artery (superior mesenteric).

29
Q

What is the venous drainage of the caecum,?

A

Anterior and posterior caecal veins drain to the superior mesenteric vein.

30
Q

Which lymph nodes does drainage of the caecum go to?

A

The superior mesenteric nodes.

31
Q

Which plexus do ANS fibres for the caecum come from?

A

Superior mesenteric plexus.

32
Q

How big is the appendix (vermiform)?

A

2-20cm long.

33
Q

Where would you find the appendix?

The appendix has its own mesentery called the mesoappendix mesentery.

A

In the right iliac fossa, often tucked behind the caecum.

34
Q

What is the arterial supply to the appendix?
What is the venous drainage?
Lymphatics and nervous supply are the same as the caecum therefore pain will be felt in umbilical region.

A

Appendicular artery

Drains via the posterior caecal vein.

35
Q

Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal or sub peritoneal?

A

The ascending (and descending colons) are retroperitoneal. The transverse colon is intraperitoneal.

36
Q

What is the arterial supply to the ascending colon?

A

The ileocolic and right colic arteries.

37
Q

What is the venous drainage?
What is the nerve supply?
What is the lymph drainage?
To the ascending colon

A

Veins drain to superior mesenteric vein
Nerves are from the superior mesenteric plexus
Lymph goes to pre aortic L1 nodes

38
Q

What is the mesentery that suspends the transverse colon called?

A

The transverse mesocolon.

39
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal or sub peritoneal?

A

The transverse colon is intraperitoneal.

40
Q

What are the two flexures called?

A

Hepatic flexure (right colic flexure) and splenic flexure. (left colic flexure)

41
Q

What connects to the left colic flexure?

A

The phrenicocolic ligament from the diaphragm.

42
Q

What is the arterial supply to the transverse colon?
What is the venous drainage of the transverse colon?
What is the lymph drainage?
What is the nerve supply?

A

Proximal 2/3rds supplied by middle colic artery (superior mesenteric). Distal 1/3rd supplied by left colic artery (inferior mesenteric).
Proximal 2/3rds drain to superior mesenteric vein. Distal 1/3rd drains to inferior mesenteric vein (which then drains to superior mesenteric vein)
Proximal 2/3rds lymph to pre aortic L1 nodes. Distal 1/3rd to pre-aortic L3 nodes.
Nerves via the superior mesenteric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus. Vagus supplies the proximal 2/3rds whereas the pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the distal 1/3rd

43
Q

What is the arterial supply to the transverse colon?
What is the venous drainage of the transverse colon?
What is the lymph drainage?
What is the nerve supply?

A

Proximal 2/3rds supplied by middle colic artery (superior mesenteric). Distal 1/3rd supplied by left colic artery (inferior mesenteric).
Proximal 2/3rds drain to superior mesenteric vein. Distal 1/3rd drains to inferior mesenteric vein (which then drains to splenic vein)
Proximal 2/3rds lymph to pre aortic L1 nodes. Distal 1/3rd to pre-aortic L3 nodes.
Nerves via the superior mesenteric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus. Vagus supplies the proximal 2/3rds whereas the pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the distal 1/3rd

44
Q

Is the descending colon intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal or sub peritoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal.

45
Q

What is the arterial supply to the descending colon?
What is the venous drainage of the descending colon?
What is the lymph drainage?
What is the nerve supply?

A

Arterial supply via left colic and sigmoid arteries.
Venous drainage to inf mesenteric vein
Lymph to pre-aortic L3 nodes.
ANS fibres via inf mesenteric plexus. Parasympathetics via pelvic splanchnic nerves.

46
Q

What attaches the sigmoid colon to the posterior pelvic wall?

A

Pelvic mesocolon.

47
Q

What is the arterial supply to the sigmoid colon?
What is the venous drainage of the sigmoid colon?
What is the lymph drainage?
What is the nerve supply?

A

Sigmoid branches of inf mesenteric
Drain to inferior mesenteric vein
Lymph to pre-aortic L3 nodes
ANS fibres from inferior hypogastric plexus

48
Q

Where does the rectum run from?

A

3rd sacral vertebra to 2cm in front of the tip of the coccyx.

49
Q

What is the arterial supply to the rectum?

A

Supplied by the superior rectal artery (from inf mesenteric), middle rectal artery (from internal iliac) and inferior rectal artery (from internal pudendal)

50
Q

What is the venous drainage to the rectum?

A

Superior part of rectum goes to inferior mesenteric vein.

Middle and inferior veins go to internal iliac and pudendal veins.

51
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the rectum?

A

Upper to inf mesenteric nodes

Lower to internal iliac nodes.

52
Q

What is the nervous supply to the rectum?

A

Via the inferior hypogastric plexus.

53
Q

Where is pain felt if its in the hindgut?

A

Suprapubically.

54
Q

Which two veins join to form the portal vein?

A

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein.

55
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to?

A

Drains to the splenic vein.

56
Q

In the abdomen, what are the three areas of dual blood supply?

A 
The duodenum (both coeliac axis and superior mesenteric)
The transverse colon (both superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric)
The rectum (inferior mesenteric, internal iliac and internal pudendal supply)
57
Q

What is meant by the portal-systemic anastomoses?

A

An anastomoses that occurs between the veins of the portal system and the veins of the systemic system. E.g. in the rectum

Anatomy BMSC (20 decks)

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