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Anatomy BMSC > Week 9- Muscles of the vertebral Column > Flashcards

Week 9- Muscles of the vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A 
Muscle attachment
Mobility
Protection
Weight transfer
Haematopoeisis
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2
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine?

A

You have primary and secondary curvatures. The primary curvatures are the ones present from the fetal period. This being the thoracic kyphosis and sacral kyphosis.
The secondary curvatures are the lordosis found in the lumbar and cervical regions.

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3
Q

What is the term for a lateral curvature of the spine?

A

Scoliosis.

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4
Q

What is unique about the atlas?

Where does the atlas articulate and with what?

A

C1 has no body. Instead has lateral masses that weight bear. It is formed by an anterior and posterior arch, each with a tubercle.
The atlas articulates with the occipital condyles at the superior articular surface.

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5
Q

What is unique about the axis?

A

It has a dens (odontoid process) that projects up to articulate with the atlas. It has flat superior articular processes for rotation.

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6
Q

Name some bony features of the cervical vertebrae?

A

They have uncinate processes on their superior surface. They also have a foramen in their transverse process called the transverse foramen.
They also have anterior and posterior tubercles with a groove for the spinal nerve.
Bifid spinous process.

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7
Q

What is unique about the thoracic vertebra?

A

They have costal facets for articulation with the ribs.
They have nearly vertical superior and inferior articular facets
They have a long sloping spinous process.

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8
Q

Describe the bony features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

They have large, kidney shaped vertebral bodies.
They have accessory processes on each transverse process and mamillary processes on each superior articular process.
Articular facets are directed posteriomedially (superior) and anterolaterally (inferior).

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9
Q

What makes up the sacrum?

A

5 fused sacral vertebrae.

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10
Q

Describe the crests on the posterior aspect of the sacrum?

A

Median crest- formed by the spinous processes of the fused vertebra.
Intermediate crest- formed by the articular processes of the fused vertebra
Lateral crest- formed by the transverse processes of the fused vertebra.

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11
Q

What makes up the coccyx?

A

Fusion of 4 vertebra.

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12
Q

What are the joints between superior and inferior articular processes on the vertebra classified as?

A

They are zygapophysial joints (also known as plane synovial joints)

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13
Q

What are the joints between intervertebral discs classified as?

A

Known as secondary cartilaginous joints.

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14
Q

What makes up the intervertebral discs?

A

An outer shell of annulus fibrosis and an inner core of nucleus pulposus.

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15
Q

How can the extrinsic muscles of the back be divided (in groups)?

A

Into superficial extrinsic muscles and intermediate extrinsic muscles.
The intermediate extrinsic muscles are the accessory muscles of respiration.

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16
Q

List the superficial extrinsic muscles of the back?

A 
Trapezius
Lattimus Dorsi
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid Minor 
Levator Scapulae
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17
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius muscle?

A

Originates from the skull. Attaches to the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of C7-T12.
Inserts onto the lateral clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula.

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18
Q

What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?

A

The spinal accessory nerve supplies the trapezius muscle.

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19
Q

What are the attachments of the lattismus dorsi muscle?

A

The spinous processes of T7-12, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crests and the lower 3/4 ribs.
Inserts onto the edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus.

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20
Q

What nerve supplies the lattimus dorsi muscle?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8).

21
Q

Where does the rhomboid major attach?

A

Spinous processes of T2-5 to the medial border of the scapula.

22
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor attach?

A

The nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C5-T1 and attaches to the medial end of the scapula spine.

23
Q

Which nerve supplies the rhomboids?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5).

24
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

Posterior tubercles on the transverse processes of C1-4. to the medial border of the scapula above the spine.

25
Q

What nerve supplies the levator scapulae muscle?

A 
Cervical nerves (C3 and 4)
and dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
26
Q

List the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

27
Q

What are the attachments of serratus posterior superior?

A

Attach from the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of C7-T3 to the superior borders of ribs 2-4.

28
Q

What supplies serratus posterior superior?

A

Intercostal nerves 2-5.

29
Q

What are the attachments of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Spinous processes of T11-L2 to the inferior borders of the ribs 8-12 near the angle.

30
Q

What supplies serratus posterior inferior?

A

Anterior rami of T9-12.

31
Q

What nerve supplies all posterior intrinsic back muscles?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves.

32
Q

How can the intrinsic posterior back muscles be separated?

A

Into three layers- superficial, intermediate and deep.
Superficial- splenius muscle
Intermediate- erector spinae muscle
Deep-Many small muscles.

33
Q

How can the splenius muscle be divided?

A

Into capitis (head) and cervicis (neck) parts.

34
Q

What are the attachments of the splenius muscle?

A

Nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of C7-T3/4.
The capitis fibres insert onto the mastoid process and the lateral 1/3rd of the superior nuchal line. The cervicis fibres attach onto the transverse tubercles of C1-C3/4.

35
Q

What are the three parts of the erector spinae muscle called?

A

Ileocostalis
Longissmus
Spinalis

36
Q

What is the common proximal attachment of the erector spinae muscle?

A

Posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum and sacroiliac ligaments, spinous processes of sacral and lower lumbar vertebra and the supraspinous ligament.

37
Q

How can the ileocostalis be further divided?

A

Into its lumborum, thoracis and cervicis parts.

38
Q

What is the distal attachment of the ileocostalis (part of the erector spinae) muscle?

A

Angles of the lower ribs and the cervical transverse processes.

39
Q

How can the longissmus part of the erector spinae muscle be further divided?

A

Can be divided into its thoracis, cervicis and capitis parts.

40
Q

What are the distal attachments for the longissmus part of the erector spinae muscle?

A

Ribs between the tubercles and angles
Thoracic and cervical transverse processes.
Mastoid process.

41
Q

How can the spinalis part of the erector spinalis muscle be further divided?

A

Thoracis, cervicis and capitis parts.

42
Q

What are the distal attachments for the spinalis part of the erector spinae muscle?

A

Upper thoracic spinous processes and the cranium.

43
Q

List the deep intrinsic muscles of the back

A 
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Levator Costarum
Interspinale
Intertransversari
44
Q

What are the attachments of the semispinalis muscle?

How can it be further divided?

A

Attaches to the transverse processes of C4-T12 to the occipital bone and thoracic and cervical spinous processes.
Can be divided into thoracis, cervicis and capitus parts.

45
Q

Where would you find the multifidus muscle?

A

Thickest in the lumbar region.

Its fibres pass superomedially to spinous processes of 2-4 vertebra above.

46
Q

Where would you find the rotatores muscle?

A

Well developed in the thoracic region.

Fibres pass superomedially to the junction of the lamina and transverse process 1 to 2 vertebra above.

47
Q

Where would you find levator costorum?

A

In the thoracic region.

48
Q

Where would you find Interspinale?

A

Well developed in Cervical region.

49
Q

Where would you find intertransversarri?

A

Well developed in lumbar and cervical regions.

Anatomy BMSC (20 decks)

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