Wk 1: Geriatry Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Wk 1: Geriatry Deck (26)
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1
Q

Which age group is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population?

A

geriatrics

2
Q

Geriatrics, otherwise known as elderly, are how old?

A

> 65 years old

3
Q

Aged persons are how old?

A

> 80 years old

4
Q

Are autonomic nervous system responses in geriatrics enhanced or diminished?

A

diminished

5
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Cardiac Output = SV × HR

6
Q

How do you calculate cardiac index?

A

Cardiac Index = CO / Body Surface Area (BSA)

(BSA = [Weight^(0.5)] [Height^(0.5)] / 60 m²

[weight in kg, height in cm]

7
Q

Are circulation times increased or decreased with geriatric patients?

A

increased

you need to give lower drug doses and wait longer for their effects

8
Q

When providing anesthesia for geriatrics, within what percentage of baseline do you want to keep their systolic BP?

A

within 20% of baseline

9
Q

How is cardiac output maintained in geriatrics?

A

increased diastolic filling and increased stroke volume

10
Q

Geriatrics have a decreased tolerance to increases in heart rate. An increase in heart rate may cause what?

A

myocardial infarction

11
Q

Three things that decrease in regards to the cardiovascular system in geriatrics:

A

cardiac output

maximum heart rate

blood pressure

12
Q

Three things that increase in regards to the cardiovascular system in geriatrics:

A

stroke volume

heart size

LVEDP (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure)

13
Q

Which ECG lead is the best for ischemia detection?

A

V5

14
Q

Do geriatrics have ventilation/perfusion mismatching?

A

yes, they have greater V/Q mismatching

15
Q

In geriatrics, their hypoxic and hypercarbic drive can be decreased by how much?

A

can be decreased by half

16
Q

In geriatrics, are their alveoli more or less rigid than younger patients?

A

more rigid

17
Q

Do geriatrics need to worry about things like auto-regulation?

A

no, because their auto-regulation is maintained, sucka!

18
Q

Do geriatrics have an increased or decreased sensitivity to pain? How about their ability to thermoregulate?

A

decreased sensitivity to pain

decreased thermoregulation

19
Q

Do geriatrics have an increased or decreased risk of adverse drug reactions?

A

increased

20
Q

Are the gastric secretions of geriatrics more acidic or more alkaline?

A

more alkaline

21
Q

Contracted vascular volume can lead to what pharmacokinetic effect?

A

high initial plasma concentration

22
Q

Decreased protein binding can lead to what pharmacokinetic effect?

A

increased availability of free drug

23
Q

Increased total body lipid storage sites can lead to what pharmacokinetic effect?

A

prolonged action of lipid-soluble drugs

24
Q

Decreased renal and hepatic blood flow can lead to what pharmacokinetic effect?

A

prolonged action of drugs dependent on kidney and liver elimination

25
Q

What are some changes in pulmonary function seen with advancing age?

A

central airways increase in size (leads to increased dead space)

decreased size of small airways

15% reduction in functional alveolar surface by age 70

decreased total lung capacity

26
Q

Are ECGs important preoperatively in geriatric patients?

A

preop ECGs are crucial for geriatrics

may detect previous MI’s, conduction issues, arrhythmias, etc.